Leadership and Human Behavior Essay

As a leader, you need to interact with your followers, peers, seniors, and others; whose support you need in order to accomplish your goals. To gain their support, you must be able to understand and motivate them. To understand and motivate people, you must know human nature. Human nature is the common qualities of all human beings. People behave according to certain principles of human nature. Human needs are an important part of human nature. Values, beliefs, and customs differ from country to country and even within group to group, but in general, all people have a few basic needs. As a leader you must understand these needs because they can be powerful motivators. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Unlike others researchers in the earlier days of psychology, Abraham Maslow’s based his theory of human needs on creative people who used all their talents, potential, and capabilities (Bootzin, Loftus, Zajonc, Hall, 1983). His methodology differed from most other psychological researchers at the time in that these researchers mainly observed mentally unhealthy people. Maslow (1970) felt that human needs were arranged in a hierarchical order that could be divided into two major groups: basic needs and metaneeds (higher order needs): * Basic Needs are physiological, such as food, water, and sleep; and psychological, such as affection, security, and self-esteem. These basic needs are also called â€Å"deficiency needs† because if they are not met by an individual, then that person will strive to make up the deficiency. * Metaneeds or being needs (growth needs). These include justice, goodness, beauty, order, unity, etc. Basic needs normally take priority over these meta needs.

Hawthorne’s Motives for Writing the Scarlett Letter Essay

Hawthorne’s motives for writing The Scarlet Letter were to expose corruption in Puritan society, religion, and politics. Hawthorne demonstrates both corruption and hypocrisy in Puritan society as the townspeople and even the Governor wear her embroidery, yet banish her and ostracize her as an outcast and a sinner. The town buys her clothes for an unknown reason; most likely their own curiosity, it’s beauty, or they just felt sorry for her. This shows the society’s inability to follow through with their own punishments. They are willing to ostracize her and banish her, but still buy her embroidery. However much they chose to wear her embroidery on most articles of clothing, they refused to wear her embroidery on wedding veils as they were created by her sinful hands, showing the â€Å"relentless vigor with which society frowned upon her sin† (Hawthorne 76). Religion played a major role in Hawthorne’s writing, even though he was not a member of any religious organization. The religion mentioned in The Scarlet Letter was Puritanism and in his writing he intended to expose the power the Puritans used to control the church and state. For example, in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Roger Williams differed with the colony’s leaders on the relationship between church and state. â€Å"The authorizes in the Bay feared that the foul error emanating from him could spread and corrupt the entire colony. In October 1635, the General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony banished him† (smithsonianmag.com). Due to the fact that Hawthorne was not a part of any organized religion he was able to criticize religions without the fear of repercussion. Hawthorne also wanted to expose the corruption in religion when he wrote The Scarlet Letter. In the Custom House he mentioned that he was a Democrat while the Whigs were in power. Hawthorne also said â€Å"I had spent three years†¦in an unnatural state, doing what was really of no advantage nor delight to any human being† (Hawthorne 40). Here he is saying that because he was a Democrat in a Whig society he felt he couldn’t speak up and that it was unnatural.

How does Tim Butcher emphasise the problems and possible dangers faced on his journey during this passage?

There are many ways in which Tim Butcher emphasises danger during this passage; he does this through his language and through using other techniques such as using triplets. One example of danger is at the very start of the passage (bottom of page 59) and this is where we see the first use of a triplet – using this technique emphasises just how dangerous the Congo can be: â€Å"Thoughts of assassination, acid baths and dismembered bodies† This triplet is used to show the possible, brutal ways of facing death in the Congo – the fact that these are Butchers thoughts imply that he is worrying about facing his death in this way, the horror of it is something no one wants to experience. Butcher also uses an accumulative effect with this list of three as the next situation appears to be worse than the previous. Regardless of this, these three horrific examples are murders which are clearly planned and they show no respect for the dead. An assassination is usually an intentional act aimed at specific subject. As for the other two, acid baths and dismembered bodies seem to be two ways of hiding evidence and getting rid of a body. Neither of these three acts are accidents; all of them are intentional and done on purpose. Following on from this sentence, he mentions that the list of three were the only dark images on his mind. By saying that they weren’t the only images shows that there are many other situations he could be faced with, all of the same sort. The word ‘dark’ conveys the idea of how negative each of his thoughts are as it has connotations liked with is such as death and violence. Already from this first paragraph in the passage, we can see how much potential danger Tim Butcher could be faced with. Another way in which Tim Butcher presents danger is by using an anecdote of a friend who came close to death at the exact same airport he is at now – this makes the potential danger towards Butcher seem higher. The fact that his friend came close to death at the same place as him shows just how high the chance of him also facing death is. What really puts more emphasis on how dangerous the area is is when Butcher mentions his friend covers international crisis. This shows that he will have experienced many types of problems in his past – but none as bad as the Congo. Tim Butcher during this passage shows the majority of danger and problems through his choice of diction and emotive language. During the anecdote, he mentions that troops loyal to Mobuto were becoming increasingly desperate and were hoping to escape. Desperate’ shows how much troops wanted to escape from the power of Mobuto and the phrase ‘hoping to escape’ makes us think that the troops know escaping may be hard or even impossible, but they still try. The Congo is evidently a dangerous place especially for Journalists, as journalists are suspected to be Spies – Congolese people have no time to waste and judge this very quickly, we can tell this as Butcher tells us his friend was Seized. Being seized shows that an arrest was sudden and there was no hesitation in doing it. It comes across as forceful and out of the blue. After being seized, journalists are also stripped at Gunpoint – this shows a sense of danger as stripping someone to their underpants is immediate humiliation and shows vulnerability. Being held at gunpoint means that his friend was facing death, but to make this situation worse, the guards had him in this way for several terrifying hours. We can see here that the experience was being prolonged over seven hours; this makes the situation tenser for the victim as they could be shot at any minute – this is what makes it so terrifying. This section of the passage instantly tells us that the Congolese people are willing to kill. Shortly after this it is mentioned that it took hours of desperate pleading to convince the guards they were simply journalists. Desperate pleading shows how innocent the journalists are as they know having tapes gave the Congolese people the wrong impression. By the use of the word convincing, it implies that the guards weren’t taking their word for it and genuinely believed they were spies. Tim Butcher has again used the idea of the situation being prolonged over a long period of time to emphasise how serious it was. By mentioning they were ‘simply journalists’ it shows how strict the guards are in the Congo; it must have been obvious that the visitors were just journalists and the Congolese people should know they get visitors but they take things too far. During this passage, there is another example of vulnerability being shown; this occurs when an Asian lady lands into the airport and has her luggage taken off her and she has to auction for it to given back to her.

Biography of an Economist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Biography of an Economist - Essay Example Details and specifics of his line of thought are given in the following segment. The text is finally rounded off with conclusions and comments about the scholar that Marshall was. Alfred Marshall was the foremost economist in England of his times. He was fussy at times, which distanced some of his contemporaries. However, the mantle of leading the newly emerging field of economics fell on none other than him. As Wood (2004, p. 220) states, Marshall saw Economics in the light of human behavior which was measurable in terms of money. This was a paradigm shift in the emphasis of the field away from market economics. He was of the opinion that people craved more for perfection and acknowledgement from others rather than for material gains. He gave importance to the standard of life than the standard of living. Towards this end, he felt that the government should guide whereas the employer should lead. Only then would there be an end to the deep-rooted poverty. He followed a deductive method of theorizing based on observation. It could be argued that he tried to boost the image of this discipline in the eyes of the common man by stretching too far the maturity and continuity of Economics. He established the Cambridge School which was succeeded by luminaries like Keynes and Pigou. He used illustrations to teach economic concepts, which was then taken forward worldwide. More than a teacher, he has been immortalized for his works that have enriched and broadened the horizons of Economics. Marshall hailed from London (born in 1824) and showed an inclination for Mathematics in his childhood. He started his higher education in philosophy but ended up in the newly formed discipline viz. Economics. His forte was Political Economy. He married one of his students Mary Paley, with whom he co-authored The Economics of Industry (1879). He was Principal and Professor of Political Economy at Bristol. He shifted to Oxford and later to

Fibre optics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fibre optics - Essay Example In this theory, the behavior of light is able to be shown or rather described within the optical fiber. This theory is majorly used in describing the causes of attenuation, dispersion of light and also the optical fiber absorption. Construction of Fiber Optic Cables Fiber optic cables are first given the core size which is 50/125 as the diameter then followed by the cladding size which is 125 microns while the 8/125 has a core diameter of 8microns with a cladding diameter of 125microns.A larger diameter has a larger core which allows more light which can be coupled depending n the angle cone. They can ether operate on a single mode propagation or a multimode propagation. The fiber-optic cables are made up of either glass, plastic or plastic-clad silica which differ to its attenuation. Attenuation can be seen to be majorly caused by absorption or scattering. In the glass fiber optic cable it is seen to consist of the lowest attenuation which when made it consists of glass core and gla ss cladding. It is also the most common preferred and has spread worldwide as it is easy to install because most of the people have accessed to it. The glass used is pure mad of silicon dioxide which during its fabrication process the impurities are added in order for it to produce a desire refraction of light. Boron or Fluorine is also added to decrease the refraction index. Plastic fiber optic cable has the highest attenuation as compared to the others made of plastic core and cladding. The core is made up of the polymethymethacrylate and coated with fluoropolymer. It’s better to used considering its costs and also do not have the flammability effect. Plastic clad silica fiber optic cable attenuation is between the glass and plastic. Its fiber optic cable has glass core commonly vitreous silica and its cladding is plastic. Its use of the silica makes it have a lower refractive index. It is fabricated with silicone elastomeric cladding which causes difficulty in its applicat ion, plasticity and also it makes it insoluble in organic solvents which bar it from being used by most of the people. Basic Fiber Optic Cables This is the type f technology which uses glass threads in order to transmit information or data. The bundles of the glass threads used are the ones capable in transmitting information which is later modulated into light waves. It is majorly used because of its advantages over the metal cables used earlier regarding on speed which is high as compared to the other communication lines among other advantages like it being thinner and light in weight. Although they are advantageous they also are disadvantageous in that they are expensive in its installation and also fragile among others. Fiber optics are becoming common in the local area networking enabling companies being able to use this as a better communication way. Types of Fiber Optic Cable There are 2 main types of fiber optic cables; these are the single mode and multimode fiber optic cab le. The single mode fiber optic cable (also referred to as uni-mode fiber, mono-mode fiber among other names) is used for a broad range of transmission as it covers longer distances making it suitable for multichannel television broadcasting system among other long distances transmission (Tricker 2002, pg. 20). This is caused by the ability to restore or allowance for a larger capacity for the transmission of information as it can retain the fidelity of light pulse. In this kind of fiber a lot of information is able to be sent

Business Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Business - Coursework Example In addition, it is the ability of accepting changes and novelty. Creativity is driven by individual’s interest, passion, and the existing market problem and not by external pressure. Additionally, creativity is made up of three component: innate motivation, creative thinking, and expertise. On the other hand, innovation is the implementation of a new idea that provides an entrepreneur with a competitive advantage. The element of innovation distinguishes a successful business from the rest. Therefore, innovation increases the business competitiveness through rejuvenating and redefining an existing idea. Creativity is subjective; it cannot be measured while an innovation is measurable. In the U.K., the beauty industry is a big business. There are numerous beauticians and beauty salons offering the beauty conscious populace with a large number of competent cosmetologists (Erdomus & Cicek, 2012, p.1354). In today’s world, women and men are increasingly becoming conscious of their looks. As a result, the demand for high-quality treatments and reliable beauticians is great. Mobile beauty shops provide treatment to customers at their homes. In addition, they provide reliable and accessible services to the clients. The business requires a beautician to travel to clients and provide them with beauty treatments in the comfort of their homes. In UK, the beauty industry is catching up with dynamics of modern day lives. An average middle-aged British woman spends over 40 hours per week on full time work. As a result, the demand for mobile grooming has rose dramatically. . In the U.K., the number of mobile beauty parlors is lower compared to countries such as the U.S. The existing mobile beauty shops are not enough to cover the ever rising for the grooming services. However, to venture into the business one must love the industry and must be ready to learn.

Performance and Reward Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Performance and Reward Management - Assignment Example Organizations need HR data in order to make rational and informed decisions for adequate performance management. In order to make sure that hardworking employees are rewarded and disloyal and unproductive employees are penalized, it is imperative that HR data is collected and maintained. Such data includes but is not limited to employees’ attendance, their productivity in terms of goal achievement, their discipline and conduct, and their professional growth and skill development. Having detailed recorded information of all these aspects enables the managers to quantify the results and ensure that the resources are adequately utilized for the benefit of the organization. Collecting data related to employees’ performance helps HR admin in rational decision making. Resources in an organization are limited. In order to achieve organizational goals, it is essential to assign these resources proportionately among the employees considering their needs and past performance. HR admin needs employees’ performance data during the performance appraisal process. This data helps HR admin reach the decisions of promoting certain employees and demoting others, offering increments to certain employees and decrements to others, and selecting employees to be sent as expatriates to other countries. Data related to sick absences is needed by the HR admin not only for monitoring the productivity of employees but also to ensure the provision of adequate medical care to the employees. An employee with a lot of sick absences clearly displays signs of poor productivity and wastage of time and resources. Besides, the organization might incur significant costs in paying the increased insurance premiums for such employees. It is the responsibility of the HR admin to watch out for employees who are using organizational resources for personal gains and report them to the top management. Electronic record storage, as the name implies, is the storage of information in a

STIGMA and prejudice can have a big impact on the lives of people Essay

STIGMA and prejudice can have a big impact on the lives of people dealing with mental illness - Essay Example In addition, the paper will allow an in-depth analysis of the ways treatment can be provided to schizophrenic people. Understanding the Peculiar Terms In literal terms, schizophrenia is a mental disorder in which an individual who breaks down his or her thought process depending upon the emotional experience. Schizophrenia is greatly characterized by a number of factors of which stigma is one with profound impact (Lucas & Phelan, 2012). Stigma is referred to as resistance by public and person’s own attitude towards schizophrenic situation. Also to note is the fact that critical attitude have created notions and prejudice in societies where it has become critical for the schizophrenic patients. Herein, prejudice means an act of decision-making without making any necessary investigation into the issue (Ries, Miller, & Fiellin, 2009). According to the article entitled, â€Å"STIGMA and prejudice can have a big impact on the lives of people dealing with mental illness†, peo ple with mental illness have delayed early treatments because they have been under severe stigmatic fears. The questions remain regarding the factors which have rather created the fear of stigma among mentally ill person to a high degree (Heath, 2013). As a matter of fact, the factors involved with stigma against schizophrenic people are no different from other mental sickness such as depression, anxiety, hypertension etc (Knifton & Quinn, 2013). Public Stigma There are a number of factors and issues which have made stigma and prejudice a critical barrier for people with mental illness in seeking early treatment. General public involved in stereotyping and prejudice making stigma as a critical hindrance point against people with mental illness, especially patients with schizophrenia, include employers, relatives, family, friends and service providers. Each set of these people have maintained different attitudes and behaviors against mentally ill person. It is one true fact that almo st every person in the world has one or more mental problems that they deal with each day. Some of them reach to a higher degree of mental state which is probably treatable when they are provided a normal daily routine with maintained social interactions with other members of the societies (Goffman, 2009). It has often been noted that employers deny opportunities to employees with mental illness. This takes away job and accommodation from a person. It will not be incorrect to state that such an attitude towards mentally ill person creates an air of stigma in the society. This clearly gives an idea that a person who might be aware of his or her symptoms indicating schizophrenia would not opt for treatment from a psychiatrist because of the fear of stigma (Osuji, 2012). Thus, it can be said that employers play a major role in creating stigma for people with mental illness. Stigma, often called as social distancing has been noted in different walks of life. Be it relatives who would no t like to associate with a schizophrenic person. In addition it is expected of inconsiderate relatives that they would make it more critical for the person with mental illne

Writing a response letter to the author Assignment

Writing a response letter to the author - Assignment Example The response to my letter was welcome, and I appreciate your concern regarding editing your article. I took note of the points you highlighted about the proposals I made in my previous letter. Consequently, aspects about changing the font to one uniform one will be done away with in the editing to conform to the magazines requirements.  Another point I took note of regards the use of bullets and numbering. On this, I would still consider using bullets for the technique in discussion and numbers for the steps involved in that technique. This is because bullets are for single unrelated points while numbers are for a chronology of related ideas. Nonetheless, I would still appreciate your guidance on the matter as your views are principal in the matter.  The other changes that involve the spacing between paragraphs are to remain in the revised draft in order that the article looks more readable and well structured. This is because a well structured article appeals more to a reader th an even a well written one (Cargill & O’Connor 25). Alternatively, your guidance on the matter is still highly welcome.   Despite all these, I appreciate your response on the matter and look forward to hearing from you soon. Your cooperation in the subject of editing your article is highly esteemed and I am willing to effect any changes you will authorize. On this, I would still consider using bullets for the technique in discussion and numbers for the steps involved in that technique. This is because bullets are for single unrelated points.

The Parable of the Sadhu Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Parable of the Sadhu - Assignment Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that extensive surveys and research have indicated the requirement of continuous commitment, enforcement, and modeling of leadership along with defined policies of ethical, legal, and sociocultural conduct can reinforce morality and ethics to a large extent. McCoy’s contemplation on the ethical dilemma experienced during his travel to Nepal and the Himalayas, along with a group of travelers belonging to different nationalities and cultures, draws attention to the reasons and causes that influence human behavior during different situations and different places with similar situations. Although organizations attempt, by large, to define expected codes of conduct in ethical, legal and sociocultural perspectives and specific to the nature of the organizational business, in general ethics cannot be defined. As rightly pointed by Dewey, ethics is not confined to only ‘doing the right thing,’ and is a ‘reflective conduct.â €™ McCoy’s dilemma expressed in this narration is also on similar grounds, encompassing different leadership behaviors and reasons shaping these specific behaviors. Based on individual behaviors, the three-dimensional leadership theory was proposed, and each style was defined based on the traits exhibited by the leaders. The 3 leadership styles include autocratic, democratic and Laissez-faire leadership. Applying autocratic leadership style in the context of the abandoned Sadhu in the Himalayas, if one traveler assumed the role of autocratic leader, he could have made decisions on his own as to how best the Sadhu could have been taken care of.

Movie response paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Movie response paper - Essay Example It shows how the salient players like the Treasury Secretary, Henry Paulson, Ben Bernanke, the then Chairman of the Federal Reserve, and corporate bigwigs like Dick Fuld, John Thain and Lloyd Blankfein engaged in intense strategic bargaining, planning and machinations to prevent the national financial system from falling down on its knees. The primary premise of the movie is that it was indeed imperative and pragmatic to rescue the ailing banks and financial institutions by making them gel with the healthy ones, and the direct capital bailouts facilitated by the then government through contriving supportive statutory measures were necessary and must. Too Big to Fail does help the audience put the whole economic crisis into context by assigning to it a human face. It to a large extent accurately showcases the chain of events that preceded and followed this debacle and as to how the important state and corporate personalities tried to manage the much feared fall. The movie does manage to weave the basic dynamics underlying the 2008 meltdown with apt clarity and accuracy and does show as to how some of the most important people whom the Americans trusted the national economy with, acted in a selfish, irresponsible and unprofessional manner, which eventually precipitated an economy riding on the illusory real estate boom. However, contrary to the perceptions of many common citizens, Too Big to Fail does not present these people in a negative light, but rather presents them as individuals who merely made some mistakes. In that sense the movie is somewhat soft on the very people who actually created that crisis. For example, even Richard Fuld, the CEO of Lehman, who was a prime player in the speculative financial machinations that added to the overall debacle, is portrayed as a sincere manager working hard to save the organization he worked for. Yet, in a historical context, the movie does try to set aside the emotive content marking the

What does John Steinbeck have to say about friendship Essay Example for Free

What does John Steinbeck have to say about friendship Essay What does John Steinbeck have to say about friendship and loneliness in Of Mice and Men and how do cultural, social and historical issues affect this? John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men was set in California during the early to mid 1930s, a time of economic depression and high unemployment. It is a famous story about the harsh realities of life for the poor and unskilled workers who were disrupted by the Depression. Large numbers of migrant workers came to California from other parts of America in search of work. Two of these workers are George and Lennie. They are two very different men, who together search for work. The action takes place at or around the ranch where they eventually find work. The main themes in the story are friendship and loneliness. Migrant workers found friendships difficult to establish at that time as they were thrown together in difficult circumstances, often competing for a single job and were not in the same place for very long. This competitiveness was a common cultural aspect amongst the migrant workers who were mostly men. Men had to leave their wives and families behind and mostly travelled alone, roaming from ranch to ranch, farm work being the only type of work available to them. Against this historical background, the friendship between George and Lennie is all the more special because it is so rare. Steinbeck often shows this by displaying how other characters question and react to their friendship which they find unusual and even distrustful. This can be seen at the ranch when George and Lennie have just arrived and the boss is suspicious as he has never seen one guy take so much trouble for another guy. He presumes George must be exploiting Lennie by taking away his pay. The two very different men are dependant on each other, but for different reasons. Lennie is physically strong but mentally weak and relies on George to keep him going, literally, to keep him alive. Without George as his guide, Lennie would be unable to find any work due to his severe lack of intelligence and would most likely have spent time in some form of mental institution. George takes responsibility for Lennie partly out of pity, partly out of affection and partly for companionship; being with Lennie is far better than being lonely, something which most other workers had to put up with. George is looked upon as Lennies mentor. This is shown in the way Lennie copies Georges actions when drinking from the pool on the way to the ranch: Lennie, who had been watching, imitated George exactly. He pushed himself back, drew up his knees, embraced them, looked over to George to see whether he had it just right. He pulled his hat down a little more over his eyes, the way Georges was.- (Line 3, page 21) Lennies lack of intelligence to think for him self is displayed here. However, the way in which he imitates George could be due to Lennies lack of exposure to other people. George is the only person who Lennie actually knows and their constant travels in search of work would not help Lennies skills in interacting with others. This very point is displayed at the ranch towards the end of the story. Curlys wife is alone with Lennie in the barn while the rest of the ranch workers are heavily involved in a bet in another room. She is telling Lennie about what she could have done with her life, expecting Lennie to talk back and perhaps comfort her. However he is not at all concerned on what she has to say but is completely focused on his obsession with his rabbits and his and Georges dream of their own plot of land. Dont you think of nothing but rabbits?- (Last line of page 125) Lennie even dismisses this question which has been asked angrily by Curlys wife and continues to describe his and Georges dream, something which George had told Lennie to keep a secret! Despite Lennies fault in revealing his and Georges American dream, something which Americans commonly shared at that time, to Curlys wife, he did in fact remember to meet with George at the camp site by the river. This is the place where George tells Lennie to go if anything went wrong. Also, it is the exact same location where the story first opened, showing George and Lennies friendship as they stumbled together across the plains. At this final point in the story, the two companions friendship is displayed perfectly. George knows that the other workers, in particular Curly, are coming after Lennie to punish him for the death of Curlys wife, and knows that when they catch him they will either brutally kill him or send him to a mental institution as he would be viewed by the society at that time as unsafe . George feels entitled to shoot Lennie himself as he realises the harsh realities that would befall Lennie if Curly caught him. At this point, historical and social aspects affect the outcome very much. If Lennie was captured today, hed be taken to a court case and would most likely be committed to a caring institution because of his mental instability. However this is not the way it worked in the society of the 1930s. Immediately Lennie would be labelled insane and sent to jail or to an institution which would differ very much from one in todays society. George therefore takes it upon himself to kill Lennie at the peaceful scene where the story first began and makes his death as humane as possible. He dies a quick, clean death, blissfully unaware of what is happening to him, but happy in Georges reassurances of their future. In contrast to the obvious friendship between George and Lennie, Steinbeck portrays the lack of friendship between Curlys wife and the men on the ranch. A noticeable point is the way in which she is labelled. Throughout the whole story she is never given a proper name other than Curlys wife. This is not because she is unimportant in the story she is one of the key characters whose fate is the same as Lennies but more to do with the way in which she is despised by the ranch workers. She is seen as a piece of jail bate who will only cause trouble due to the way she flaunts herself around the ranch in inappropriate clothing; She wore her bright cotton dress and the mules with red ostrich feathers. This was certainly not typical ranch wear. She constantly flirts with the ranchers. Steinbeck suggests the flirting that caused her to be ignored may be caused by factors other than her natural personality. With no real companionship on the ranch, it is not altogether surprising that she looks for company in the way she does. She is named as Curlys wife; defined by her relationship to Curly, not as an individual. This may also have something to do with the way women were looked upon at that time. Between the 1920s and 1930s there was a sexual revolution where women, just like Curlys wife, became more confident in their appearance and became far more aware their sexuality. However some men frowned upon this. Men on the ranch would see women like this as a distraction more than anything and this is evident in the way they do everything they can to ignore her as she only brings trouble; Cause shes a rap trap if I ever seen one (Bottom of page 54). Crooks, the only black ranch worker is described by Candy as a nice fella. He is first introduced into the story when the boss of the ranch is angry and, because of Crooks race, takes it out on him. While Curlys wife is lonely because of her attitude and general appearance, Crooks is lonely simply because of the colour of his skin. The way in which he is segregated from the rest of the ranch workers because of the colour of his skin is to do with the way blacks were looked upon by society at that time. Black Americans, then called negros, were seen as an inferior race, and many laws drastically affected their freedom. This is shown in the way Crooks is not allowed to mingle with the rest of the workers apart from on special occasions like Christmas, but, even then he ends up as the victim of a fight. Despite this, he is resigned to being separated from the rest of the group and has a great interest in books, his only true friends. His bunk where he spends most, if not all of his time while he isnt working is his territory over which he has grown to be very protective. This is shown when Lennie, totally unaware of the racial boundaries of that time, enters his room uninvited. Crooks, out of pride, use his only right, that being in the privacy of his own room, and taunts Lennie with stories of George not returning from his night out. Crooks does this to show Lennie what being lonely is really like but soon realises that Lennie didnt come into his bunk to cause harm, but just to have somebody to talk to. Unfortunately, just as Crooks is beginning to open out and reveal himself to Lennie about how he is constantly lonely, Curlys wife enters. Her presence causes anger and tension inside the room but due to there deficiencies, Crooks being black and Lennie suffering from learning difficulties, they are both powerless and cannot retaliate to her abuse. Her anger is caused by the common bond that all workers have, loneliness. Steinbeck portrays friendship that seems to be fixed in male companionship. This true to the historical context of men being thrust together by historical circumstances. This friendship is more than just the absence of loneliness. It has positive aspects such as the sharing of the American dream, common to the society of the 1930s, and the solid trust which is based purely on companionship and not on any duty or commitment to one another. This friendship between males does not seem to cross the racial or gender boundaries. This accurately depicts the situation of the women and black people of the time.

Developing a professional portfolio

Developing a professional portfolio A professional portfolio is one of the best ways for a professional to showcase their knowledge, skills and experience in their field. Educators will learn the value of a portfolio for job acquisition and career development as they work through the content and format of their own personal and professional portfolio. Developing a Professional Portfolio What is a Professional Portfolio? Organized collections of work compiled for a specific purpose related to the demonstration of ones learning, skills, and accomplishments. They contain purposefully organized documentation that clearly demonstrates specific knowledge, skills, dispositions and accomplishments achieved over time. The Process Involves 4 Steps Select personal or professional goal. Collect actual items and documents that could demonstrate what you are doing to reach your goal. Decide which items best illustrate your achievement of or progress toward the goal. Determine how to present the selected items. Purpose/Benefit of the Professional Portfolio First, the portfolio process helps students to reframe how they see themselves as learners. It encourages them to think about their learning, and the learning environment, in critical and meaningful ways to become mindful, intentional, self-directed learners. For many learners, the portfolio process reignites their intellectual curiosity, the same quality we admire and seek to foster in children. Second, the portfolio process provokes adult learners to look at education differently as integrative and ongoing reaching far beyond the confines of the classroom and continuing throughout life. We have heard so often from students over the years that they have felt that their college classes were irrelevant and had no connection to â€Å"real life.† Many have experienced higher education as a series of hoops one jumps through to get the â€Å"piece of paper.† On the contrary, students who have experienced the portfolio process report a high degree of connectedness between what they do in the college classroom and what they experience beyond the classroom door. The real-world nature of portfolio work bridges the theory-to-practice gap in ways that result in meaningful learning and change. Course content ceases to be the stuff one crams for a test and soon forgets. It comes to be owned by the learner, and therefore it becomes part of the fabric of ones professional life and development. Difference Between Personal Professional Portfolio http://www.unhm.unh.edu/pdf/Career-Portfolio.pdf> Retrieved on 17-May-2011 Contents of a Professional Portfolio Design and Develop a Format and Building Your Portfolio Step 1: Title Page Course Name Assignment Name Student Name/Community Step 2: Table of Contents Outlines the order of your Portfolio Introduction Personal Philosophy Current Resume References Reference Letter Collection of Work Professional Development Closing Remarks Step 3: Introduction of Self- characteristics, qualities, personal traits, values, beliefs Introduce your self. name, community and a little bit about yourself. Include characteristics, qualities, personal traits, values and beliefs you have that will support your position as an EA or ECE. Personal Qualities Skills Checklist Review this list of personal qualities and skills and check those that you believe you exhibit adaptable good natured artistic honest calm industrious confident patient considerate pleasant dependable practical discreet punctual energetic reasonable fair-minded reliable flexible responsible helpful self-confident attentive stable loyal accurate meticulous ambitious open-minded clear-thinking organized competitive persevering cooperative realistic curious resourceful eager thorough enthusiastic versatile intelligent active logical alert methodical assertive outgoing broad-minded precise competent purposeful conscientious productive creative steady determined tenacious efficient trustworthy enterprising understanding Transferable Skills Checklist Review this list of transferable skills and check all the skills that you think you have. adapt to situation advise people analyze data arrange function assemble product audit records budget money build buy products/service calculate numbers check for accuracy collect money communicate compare data construct buildings coordinate activities cope with deadline create delegate design detail do precision work draft drive edit establish estimate evaluate examine expedite explain file records find information fix/repair follow direction follow through gather information gather materials generate handle equipment help people illustrate implement improve inspect products install instruct invent investigate learn quickly listen locate information log information make decisions make policy manage a business meet the public move material obtain operate equipment order goods/supplies organize data own/operate business paint plan prepare material print process material produce promote record data reduce costs replace report information research restore retrieve information review schedule sell review service equipment set goals set-up equipment set-up system solve problems supervise support survey tend equipment test track train transfer translate troubleshoot type update information upgrade verify work quickly write procedures write proposals write reports Characteristics of a Good Educator Review this list of characteristics of a good educator and check those that you believe you exhibit Characteristics Behaviors, attitudes, abilities, skills Articulate Communicates so children and families understand Available Interacts responsively with children and families Caring Demonstrates compassion and empathy Committed Devoted to caring for children Creative Uses a variety of teaching strategies Fair Responds to each child equitable Flexible Demonstrates ability to adapt to situations Fun Has a sense of humor Individualizes Adapts program to individual childs needs and interests Knowledgeable Knows current teaching strategies and materials and matches them to childrens interests, needs and developmental levels Motivating Promotes active involvement; makes learning fun Open Sees things from others perspectives Organized Arranges environment, materials, time and curriculum plans Patient and pleasant Even tempered, uses effective voice tone and gestures Professional Conscientious about carrying out responsibilities; uses strategies to keep personal pressures from interfering Reflective Reflects upon performance and accepts constructive feedback Identify Who are the Team Members in Child Care and Education This is a Story about Four People A Fun Little Story About Four  People Retrieved on 17-May-2011 What Is A Team? A team consists of a collection of people who interact with each other, usually face to face, over time in order to reach goals. A Child Care/Classroom Team Consists Of children staff parents administrators support services (The list varies depending on the needs of children, program, and members involved) Characteristics and Skills of Team Members Building Cohesiveness Cohesiveness is what takes place that causes members to feel apart of a team and make them want to remain on that team. Highly cohesive team members spend more time interacting, and there are more expressions of positive feelings for one another as well as report more satisfaction with the team and its work. Cohesive teams have greater control over the behavior of other members. Highly cohesive teams have the potential to be productive. The goal of the team is to boost cohesiveness in a way that also helps get the job done. There are eight factors that can enhance cohesion in a professional team. Shared or Compatible Goals: People draw closer when they share a similar aim or when their goals can be mutually satisfied. Progress Toward These Goals: While a team is making progress, members feel highly cohesive: when progress stops, cohesiveness decreases. Shared Norms and Values: Although successful teams will tolerate and even thrive on some differences in members attitudes and behavior, wide variation in the teams definition of what actions or beliefs are proper will reduce cohesiveness. ack of Perceived Threat Between Members: Cohesive team members see no threat to their status, dignity, and material or emotional well-being. Often competition arises with teams, and as a result members feel threatened. Interdependence of Members: Teams become cohesive when their needs can be satisfied only with the help of other members. Threats from Outside the Team: When members perceive a threat to the teams existence or image (teams have self-concepts, just as individuals do), they grow closer together. Mutual Perceived Attractiveness and Friendship: Teams often become close simply because members like each other. Shared Team Experiences: When members have been through some unusual or trying experiences, they draw together. Nature of Conflict Conflict -Conflict is an expressed struggle between at least two interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce resources, and interference from other party in achieving their goals. -Conflict can only exist if both parties are aware of the disagreement. -Conflict is natural. So are the associated feelings. -Hurt, Anger, Frustration, etc. can make conflict intense -Every relationship of any depth has conflict -No matter how close, how understanding, how compatible you are with each other your ideas, actions, and needs wont always match. Example of Conflict Conflict: Neighbors Music Keeps You Awake All Night Incompatible Goals: Neighbor wants to enjoy to loud music at night and you want get a good night sleep. Scarce Resources: Your neighbor or you will loose out. Interference From Other Party In Achieving Their Goals: Does the neighbor achieve their goal of enjoying loud music at night and you loose sleep? Or will you achieve your goal of a good night sleep and the neighbor does not get to achieve their goal of listening to loud music at night? Impossible to Avoid Conflict Since it is impossible to avoid conflicts, the challenge is to develop effective communication and constructive conflict resolution skills. listening carefully empathy relating to the other persons side effective communication Remember. ..conflict can actually keep good relationships strong and may help to clear the air. Personal Conflict Styles Nonassertive Behavior inability or unwillingness to express thoughts or feelings of conflict Direct Aggression communicator expresses a criticism or demand face to face that threatens the person at whom it is directed Passive Aggression the communicator expresses hostility in an obscure way Indirect Communication conveys a message in a roundabout manner Assertion a message expresses the speakers needs, thoughts, and feelings clearly and directly without judging or dictating to others Conflict Style Approach to Others Decision Making Self-Sufficiency Behavior in Problem Situations Response of Others Success Pattern Non Assertive Im not OK; youre OK Let others choose Low Flees; gives in Disrespect, guilt, anger, frustration Succeeds by luck or charity of others Directly Aggressive Im OK, youre not OK Choose for others. They know it. High or Low Outright attack Hurt, defensiveness, humiliation Feels compelled to beat out others Passive Aggressive Im OK, youre not OK. (But Ill let you think you are.) Chooses for others. They dont know it. Looks high, but usually low Concealed Attack Confusion, frustration, feelings of manipulation Wins by manipulation Indirect Im OK, your not OK or Im not OK, your re Ok. Chooses for others. They dont know it. High or low Strategic Unknowing compliance or resistance Unwitting compliance of others Assertive Im Ok youre OK Chooses for self. Usually high Direct Confrontation Mutual Respect Attempts win-win solutions Which Style is Best? You may say assertive communication is superior because it allows you to express yourself honestly, and seems to have the greatest chance of success but it is an oversimplification to say that any one style is best. Factors it Depends on: The Situation The Receiver Your Goals Assertion in Conflict Resolution (Also know as the clear message format..I statements) A complete assertive message has five parts: Behavioral Description describing an event without interpreting it. Interpretation attaching meaning to the behavior. Feeing clarifying the impact. How do you feel about this angry frustrated confused? Consequence explaining the result Intention communicating where you stand; or, request of others; or, description of how you plan to act in the future. Methods of Conflict Resolution Strategies Method of Conflict Resolution Description Win-Lose Problem Solving one party gets what he/she wants typical of an either-or situation power is the distinguishing characteristic Lose-Lose Problem Solving neither side is satisfied Compromise Problem Solving gives both parties some of what they wanted, and both make sacrifices success depends on the satisfaction of the parties Win-Win Problem Solving goal is to find a solution that satisfies everyone involved Although a win-win approach sounds ideal, it is not always possible, or even appropriate. Choosing the Most Appropriate Method of Conflict Resolution Consider deferring to the other person When you discover you are wrong When the issue is more important to the other person that it is to you To let others learn by making their own mistakes When the long-term cost of winning may not be worth the short-term gains Consider Compromise When there is not enough time to seek a win-win outcome When the issue is not important enough to negotiate at length When the other person is not willing to seek a win-win outcome Consider Competing When the issue is important and the other person will take advantage of your noncompetitive approach Consider Cooperating When the issue is too important for a compromise When a long-term relationship between you and the other person is important When the other person is willing to cooperate Win-Win Communication Skills and Steps Win-Win process is difficult!! people feel the need to compete emotional reflexes prevent constructive solutions require both partys cooperation Step 1 Identify your Problem and Unmet Needs realize that the problem is yours you are the one dissatisfied! what are your unmet needs? clearly describe each without judgment or evaluation (to yourself) Step 2 Make a Date recognize that immediately may not be the best time find a mutually convenient time Step 3 Describe your Pr

History Of The File Management System Information Technology Essay

History Of The File Management System Information Technology Essay Its the first management system introduced in 1960s. This was actually the proof of concept, in which the feasibility of storing large amount of data was shown. Its the management system in which all data is stored on a single large file as indicated from its name. It just contains data in which there are no relationships and no links between data and records. Its main drawback is searching a record or data takes a lot of time. Also these systems had a lot of drawbacks like for updating or to modify the data we have to do a lot of efforts as searching took time. Sorting the records was one of time taking process. Courtesy of http://en.kioskea.net/contents/bdd/bddtypes.php3Hierarchical Database System: 1970s 1990s In order to take account of the disadvantages in the previous file management system, this data base system was introduces a new concept of parent-child relationship between the flat files (like trees concept). The origin of data is called root have several branches coming out of it at different levels and the last level is called leaf. For example a parent can have many children but a child can only have a parent (1: M relation). This model uses pointers for navigation between stored data. For accessing the data we have to follow the hierarchy from top to bottom. Its main drawback is that if we need to modify or wants to add something in the data we have to alter all the structure thats again a very tedious task. Some times our data can best model if we have multiple parents/owners, so hierarchical Database system restricts ourselves in doing so. Network Database System: 1970s 1990s Courtesy of http://en.kioskea.net/contents/bdd/bddtypes.php3Some database can be best modeled by having multiple parents per child. So many-to-many relations were introduced in which a record can have multiple owners (M: M). Examples are DMS and IDMS. Its the more flexible than hierarchical database system as it reduces redundancy. Its drawbacks are:    ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Maintainability (for changing the relationships we may require physical reformation of data),  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lack of strength. Any failure in the system leaves the dangling reference to the data which can somehow be recovered   As there is no limit on relationships so our system becomes more complex. Courtesy of http://en.kioskea.net/contents/bdd/bddtypes.php3 Relational Database System: 1980s present (second generation DBMS) In order to overcome the drawbacks in the previous systems, this Database system was introduced in which data is organized in tables as shown (each record shown in a row and attributes shown in the columns). Its structure, i.e., a table, is easily understood and the design and standardization process is well defined. So the relationships formed between the tables. Its the flexible, well-established system. Due to its sound theoretical base this database system is used from many years. Standard data access language through SQL( SQL is limited when accessing complex data) SQL considered the fourth generation language. This system dont support for complex data types. Courtesy of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_databaseObject-Oriented Database Management System: 1990s present (third generation database system) During 1990s unstructured data become more common so in order to handle these increasing complex data, object-oriented database system were introduced. Its a model in which information is represented in the form of objects as used in object-oriented programming. Object databases should not be used when there would be few join tables and there are large volumes of data. Object-oriented data base management system gives high performance to manage objects and give ease to the complex connection of objects. This makes it so much reliable than any other data base management systems. This is one of the database management systems that supports the creation of data as objects. This includes some kind of support for classes of objects and the inheritance of class properties and methods by subclasses and their objects. Today, object oriented databases plays important role in enterprises develop systems and infrastructure to deal with more complex data requirements. OBJECT-RELATIONAL (1990s-present): Its the same as relational data base but using the concepts of object-oriented data bases that are classes, inheritance and concept of objects. It can be described as mid-way between relational data base and object-oriented data base. In this DBMS the approach is same as that of relational DBMS. There are some features of an object-relational data base management system that includes SQL that can be used to create both relational and objects. It also supports to different functions of object-oriented. DATA-WAREHOUSING (1980s-present): Its the collection of data which helps management in decision making. . Its basic concept is to provide architectural model for the flow of data. In large organizations there are multiple tasks assign to different groups of persons each having their records. The warehouse includes development of systems to extract data from their operating systems plus provides managers flexible access to the data. It focuses on modeling and analysis of data for decision makers. Excludes data not useful in decision support process. Data once recorded cannot be updated. Data warehouse requires two operations in data accessing i.e. initial loading of data, access of data. The benefit of the data ware house is that it gives same data regardless of the source that is easier to analyze information. Another benefit is that if the source system data is washed out the information in the data ware house which is under control can be stored safely. WEB-ENABLED (1990s-present): The dramatically effect on database environment is the ascendance of the internet thats why its called web-enabled data base system. Web-enabled data base is simply a data base which is web-based interface. The main purpose of web-enabled allows users to access data from central warehouse. The application of web-enabled data base is ticketing of an airline or buying computer direct from manufacturer through internet. All of this needs data base and easy connection if multiple users are through internet. Example of web-enabled data baseIn 2000s the most common change in data base environment is addition of XML defined web services. It is found everywhere for business purposes. Summary of Database Application: Courtesy of Modern Database Management 8th edition by JEFFREY A. HOFFER

The Nature of Faith Essay -- Psychology Religion Papers

The Nature of Faith Faith is an essential aspect of religious experience. Events can often be understood by some people as aesthetic or pleasant [1] rather than religious because their frame of reference rejects the spiritual connection for a more temporal one. However, of course, there are experiences that people have that by-pass any effort on their part to explain them naturally and clearly demonstrate a spiritual situation. One British scholar described his experience, like those of many others, that convinced him of the reality of God. He had "no religion," no "real sense of personal relationship to God." He went for a walk alone one day, without particular thoughts or intentions, when he "became conscious of the presence of someone else" and realized a feeling that the "being of God" surrounded him. "It was no longer a matter of inference, it was an immediate act of spiritual... apprehension." The experience changed his whole perspective of the world and himself. "I had not found God because I had never looked for him. But he had found me; he had, I could not but believe, made himself personal to me" [2]. The man could interpret this experience because faith had been "awakened" or become functionally directed in him. Some people, and many psychologists, deem faith to be something akin to wishful thinking. The great philosopher-psychologist William James defined faith as a "belief in something concerning which doubt is still theoretically possible," that the believer acts in faith by taking steps which are not guaranteed to turn out as he thinks they should [3]. If faith is not wishful thinking, or acting in hope that the right thing will happen, then it is non-rational self-affirmation. "Religious assertions... r... ..., Publ., 1968. Bregman, Lucy. The Rediscovery of the Inner Experience. Chicago: Nelson Hall, 1982. Brown, L.B. The Psychology of Religion. London: SPCK, 1988. Miller, Ed. L. Believing in God: Readings on Faith and Reason. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1996. Otto, Rudolf. The Idea of the Holy: An Inquiry into the Non- Rational Factor in the Idea of the Divine and its Relation to the Rational. John W. Harvey (transl). London: Oxford University Press, 1970. Schleiermacher, Friedrich. On Religion: Speeches to its Cultured Despisers. John Oman (transl). New York: Harper and Brothers, Publ., 1958. Strunk, Orlo (ed). Readings in the Psychology of Religion. New York: Abingdon Press, 1959. Whittaker, John H. Matters of Faith and Matters of Principle: Religious Truth Claims and Their Logic. San Antonio, TX: Trinity University Press, 1981.

Newman And The English Major :: essays research papers

Newman and The English Major John Newman’s ideas of education, knowledge, and intellectual fitness are well-formed and truthful. As related to my major, English, it reveals some interesting trends and practices. Although the English major isn’t a real big money-maker, like being a lawyer or doctor, and it generally focuses on literature and creativity, the courses still concentrate on the utility of what is being learned. Although one can sometimes see the relationships between courses, and thereby understand them in respects to each other and draw some connection, this interaction is rarely stated explicitly in those courses. One of Newman’s key ideas is that liberal knowledge (knowing how to think with versatility) is necessary for the more effective and more adaptable use of particular knowledge. A class that has allowed me to think and learn in this way was ENG 3014, Theories of Literature. I took the class twice for the purpose of raising my grade; the first time with Dr. Campbell and the second time with Dr. Logan. In this class I learned various critical literary theories and how to apply them to any text, communication, or other form of expression. Although these theories are based on application, it is the application of a thought process; an analysis which can be adapted and imposed on whatever I choose, which I can choose at my leisure, not just useful in one specific situation. However, most classes only teach facts, lessons, and the direct applications for them. Even the general studies courses and survey courses are taught as thought all the knowledge taught were to be used, not knowledge to savor and help heighten the intellect or thought process. To get an Associate’s degree for example, one must fulfill certain requirements, such as â€Å"natural science.† Instead of the class being taught as a class on general knowledge, which would be insightful into the world around us, they are taught as though every student enrolled were interested in becoming a chemist or biologist, with not enough effort placed on stimulation of interest. The students who are not interested in pursuing the sciences further have no use for this â€Å"particular† information, and it is disused and forgotten. I know that there are all sorts of information that I’ve been taught but are too specific to be useful to me day-to-day and so have been forgotten. The problem is that particular knowledge is useless except in one particular realm or level of discourse.

ESL Lesson Plan: Celebrating Christmas in Canada :: essays research papers

Students: 14 adult ESL students at an advanced level in the English language. They all have high levels of literacy in their L1 and are learning English for academic purposes. The students are seem to be very interested in the Canadian culture and have been asking many questions about the upcoming holiday, Christmas. Many of the students have been living in Canada for close to one year and have not experienced the â€Å"Canadian Christmas†. Context: It is the early month of December and the students have been already reading, writing and hearing about Christmas in Canada. To date, they have already shared their cultural practices during Christmas, if any, and are now interested in the Canadian culture. They are familiar with the concept of Christmas and some key terms, like Santa Clause, Christmas tree, etc. The length of this class is two hours with one fifteen minute coffee break, after one hour.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Objectives: ▸  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To practice scanning for information ▸  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To recall and use vocabulary previously learned ▸  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To learn and use new vocabulary: -Christmas/Evergreen tree  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Christmas Decorations (tinsel, ornaments, etc.) -Christmas Carols  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Christmas Presents -Church Services  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Roasted Turkey -Christmas Stockings  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Santa Clause -Christmas Eve ▸  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To foster interpersonal relationships through group work ▸  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To practice using different descriptive words to illustrate an idea to a peer Materials: ▸  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marx, D.F. (2000). Christmas. Toronto: Children’s Press. ▸  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chalkboard/Chalk or Dry Erase Board/ Markers. ▸  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Describe and Draw game rules (from Bryrne, D. (1979). Communication games: a teaching aid. Windsor: NFER Publishing.) ▸  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Christmas pictures for Describe and Draw Game from magazines ▸  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Magazines with Christmas pictures ▸  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14 pieces of poster paper ▸  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Scissors/glue/tape  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ▸  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tape/CD player with Christmas carols Procedures: (1) Students participate in a discussion of the following questions: (45 min)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What do you already know about the Canadian Christmas? Have you ever celebrated Christmas in Canada before? What would you like to learn about celebrating Christmas in Canada?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (The teacher reads the book Christmas by David F. Marx, ensuring that all students can see the illustrations, to improve comprehension) What words come out of the book that you are unfamiliar with? (The teacher makes a list on board of unknown words). Following completion of the book, the class approaches the unknown word list on the board. The teacher explains the words using pictures from the book as well as relating the words to other things that they already know.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What are some interesting things that you have learned about the multicultural Canadian Christmas? (2) Students will participate in the â€Å"Describe and Draw† game. (See attached rules and pictures). (15 min.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (The teacher explains rules to the game, and then walks two volunteers through a couple of rounds until students feel comfortable).

“A Sound of Thunder” and “Nethergrave” Essay

â€Å"A Sound of Thunder† by Ray Bradbury and â€Å"Nethergrave† by Gloria Skurzynski were good, well written science fiction stories. Both stories used technology to greatly change the life of the main characters. â€Å"A Sound of Thunder† involved dinosaurs and a time machine in which the characters used to go back in time. The time machine was built to go to the stories setting in a jungle, sixty million years in the past. In â€Å"Nethergrave†, the main character, Jeremy, choses to get sucked into the virtual world instead of staying the real world after having a quite embarrassing and lonely day. This stories setting seemed to be in the present time but did not say for sure. The climax in â€Å"Nethergrave† was when all Jeremy’s online friend had left him and he got a message from someone telling him to turn on his mic. I didn’t know what was going to happen or what the man wanted from Jeremy. He made the decision to leave the rea l world of being ignored and bullied to go to somewhere he was promised never to be abandoned. The climax in â€Å"A Sound of Thunder† was when the men were on the time machine returning to the present time. I thought this was the most suspenseful time because I knew Echkels had walked of the path he was forbidden to leave and I was waiting to read if that small action had really affected the future. Both the stories’ climaxes made me wonder what was going to happen next. One of the themes in the â€Å"A Sound of Thunder† is that one small bad action can lead up to a massive destruction. I think a theme for â€Å"Nethergrave† is that when reality is tough, it is easy to make poor decisions that seem to make it better. Both themes are ideal to remember because they go hand in hand. If you think about it, the theme in â€Å"Nethergrave† is saying if life is hard, then it is easier to make poor decision, and if you make poor decision, than it can affect yourself or others like the theme is in â€Å"A Sound of Thunder†. Both of these short stories show how technology can be extremely dangerous. Advancements in technology are being made every day. Even though these are science fiction stories, I thinkt the dangers of technology from the stories  might actually be possible in the future. Both stories kept me wanting to keep reading, but â€Å"A Sound of Thunder† was more effective than â€Å"Nethergrave† in my opinion. It had better characterization in describing the charters, a more relatable theme, had more description, and helped the readers get familiar with the setting. The last line of Bradbury’s story, â€Å"There was a sound of thunder†, made me sit dazed for a moment, questioning if he really did kill Echkels. Overall, I thought it had more exciting action and was my favorite of the two. Works Cited Bradbury, Ray. A Sound of Thunder. New York: Doubleday, 1952. Print. Skurzynski, Gloria. Nethergrave.

Freudian Theory in “Lord of the Flies” Essay

The Lord of the travel by William Golding is a social experimentation with a twist. It is executed by insulate young boys on a derelict island. They arrive on the island because their airplane was quip hatful while they were difficult to originate off a bombing in England. The boys be young so they have non been completely molded by guild therefore they have room to turn speedily. The isolation removes the blinders of culture and the true identity element of the boys and human nature is revealed. If the reader uses a Freudian approach to reading the refreshing whiz will find that Goldings characters and conflicts follow Freuds theories of the id, self-importance, and super self, thus make water them more understandable. Studying the Freudian surmise allows one to see jackfruit tree as the id, Ralph as the ego, shote and Simon as the superego, and why they clash.The famous psychologist Sigmund Freud developed a scheme that uses masss individualality traits to consort them into three contrastive categories of id, ego, and superego. Although every person contains all three of the blackjacks, one provide dominates. For Freud, we be simply actors in the fun of our minds, pushed by proclivity, pulled by conscience (Understanding the Id, Ego, and Superego in Psychology). This theory allows one to realize that passel tend to exhibit behaviors of their category. The id is the primal force of desires and needs. Impulse is controlled by the id. It corporation be compared to the devil on the shoulder of survey characters, and Mr. Hyde. Some people do non keep the id in impairment so it dominates their personality. Signs of the id are forceful speech, physical expression, and aroused step forwardbursts.Read moreRalph quotes lord of the locomote essayThe ego is the mediator amidst the id, the superego, and the external world. Ego is the negotiator betwixt desires and deterrent examples. Negotiations with the id help it get what i t motivations with stunned causing overly much damage. It also tries to harness the authority of the id to achieve things by regulating it. the great unwashed that have ego personalities want to enrapture everyone they tell people what they want to hear. The superego is the moral judge and conscience. While the ego negotiates with the id, trying to prevent an another(prenominal) tantrum, the superego judges the surgical process (Understanding the Id, Ego, and Superego in Psychology). Usually the superegos ethical motive and standards coif from figures of authority or society. or so importantly the superego is not affected by impulse or others. Each of the characters in Lord of the Flies each embodiesa certain force which is why they smoke not work with each other. crap is a boy who gets angry quickly, acts on his desires, has emotional outbursts, and enjoys hunting and fine-tuneing, he seemingly embodies the id. These traits are a result of the id not being kept in check inside of ones self. Blushing is a crisscross of Jacks enkindle, which happens every clock time his pride is wounded Jacks face disappeared under a thrill of mortification (Golding 23). Jack conveys angry so often because he does not censor his emotions. He al delegacys does whatever he feels kindred. The main things that Jack analogouss to do are hunt and eat. He is driven to do it and his compulsion to track down and kill that was swallowing him up (47). This is very primal and the desire to kill shows his lack of conscience. Since he becomes preoccupy with hunting he also has a bloodlust.Some clock Jack burst out in emotion some times happiness He Jack began to dance and his laughter became a bloodthirsty snarling (Golding 58), and sometimes anger Im breathing out up the mountain. The words came from Jack viciously, as purview they were a curse (Golding 119). Jack bursts out because he wants to make it known that he will do whatever he wants, and no one will get in h is way. The biggest conflict caused by Jack clashing with the other forces is his separation from the folk and the creation of his own faction.Jack bearnot coexist with the other boys because of his id state. He does not want to be governed so he leaves Im not going to be discriminate of Ralphs lot Im going off by myself (Golding 127). He leaves because his id was under constant examen by the ego and superego of the tribe, so he acted on an impulse. This causes conflict because he takes closely all of the boys with him. Later the same boys kill Simon and swinish, and hunt down Ralph. Although the id poop be beneficial, without the checks from the other forces nothing productive or any long term trustworthy send packing come from it.Ralph is the islands leader he seeks the approbation of every one, he is extremely ascertaind by the superegos, he is the only one who can reason with the id, and he can use the id to his advantage, therefore he can be classified as the ego. T he ego is the only mediator between id and superego. Ralph strives for the approval of the other boys. He says things that will make them look up to him Hes Ralphs father a commander in the navy. When he getsleave hell come and rescue us (Golding 13). He says things like this because he thinks if he does the boys will like him more. Some things that Ralph wants to do come from the suggestions of the superego The graduation thing we ought to have made was shelters down there by the beach (Golding 45). This bias from the superego becomes Ralphs goal.This happens because he is ego the id would not heed the suggestions of the superego. Ralph is the only one who can negotiate with Jack, who is the id. When Jack does not become chief, Ralph negotiates and gives him the consolation of having an army of hunters The choir belongs to you of course. They can be an army Or hunters They could be (Golding 23). He is able to make original that the id does not go wild or revolt by offering it ot her choices. Ralph uses Jack to help him keep a fire Weve got to have special people for looking after the fire. Any mean solar day there could be a carry out there. Ralph Ill split up the choir my hunters, that is into groups, and well be responsible for tutelage the fire going (Golding 43). Ralph is using the egos influence on the id to get through a goal. The gradual breakdown of the tribal assemblies is caused by Ralph being the ego. He is not assertive enough as a leader and is overly concerned with the influence of the superego. He is also worried close to what people think of him and if he is do them happy. The ego kept order on the island longer than it would have lasted if it was not present.Simon and Piggy are the only boys that bring morals and the take to bes of society to the island, they act as the superegos. Piggy often reminds the boys of the grownups and the rules of where they came from Whats grownups going to think? (Golding 84). He does this because his su perego cannot stand rules being broken. He constantly reproaches their behavior and tries to kindle rules. Simon displays more of a moral value Then, amid the roar of bees in the afternoon sunlight, Simon arrange for the littluns the fruit they could not reachand passed them tooshie down to the endless, outstretched hands. (Golding 51).He does what is approximation of as good and right. He is superego that not in the way piggy is. Piggys superego conveys rules, Simons conveys morals. Piggy and Simon are both killed because they are superego. The id cannot jump the blocks of value set up by superego, so it seeks to destroy them. With the superegos out of the way the id hasmore freedom to do what it pleases. The superego is rattling for a functioning human or society, without it a breakdown will quickly begin to transpire.Goldings characters clearly fiddle Freudian forces. Since each is a different force many conflicts arise. The conflicts would not unavoidably have happened if the characters were not set into ad hoc roles. This all makes sense because of the Freudian theory. Goldings novel demonstrates that in order for civilization or a human to change state there must be a sense of balance of the Freudian forces. The island lacks a balance of desires, rules, and the pleasing others, which are an essential part of the functioning mind or society, thus the island breaks down.Works CitedGolding, William. Lord of the Flies. New York Berkley create Group, 1954Understanding the Id, Ego, and Superego in Psychology. Dummies. Wiley Publishing, Inc. 5 Nov. 2005Ego, superego, and id. Wikipedia. 5 Nov. 2005.Ayres, Robert. Lord of the Flies confabulate. Epic333. 5 Nov. 2005.

Deception Point Page 87

The area of the coat is adorned with symbols.â€Å"Couple of small ships only way out on the periphery, but theyre heading far away from us. Were clear. Miles and few miles of open sea in all directions.†Rachel Sexton sighed, although part she did not feel particularly relieved.There are sidewalks on each side of the bridge.â€Å"Ill first watch the radar, maam. If anything blips, youll be the first to know.†Rachels senses were tingling as how she headed for the hydrolab. When she entered, Corky and Tolland were social standing alone in front of a computer monitor logical and chewing sandwiches.

Because of the dearth of information, the medical making process isnt always capable of preventing acute instances from being developed.The former director didnt answer.And someone tried to pulse-snitch the Goyas location.â€Å"Relax,† Tolland told everyone. â€Å"Were safe.Theres no procedure for self-impeachment.â€Å"Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler,† Tolland said. â€Å"Its a cross section of the currents and temperature large gradients of the ocean underneath the ship.†Rachel stared. â€Å"Thats what were anchored on top of?†Tolland had to admit, the public image looked frightening.

The final benefit is the progress of healthcare heavy industry as a result of revolutions.â€Å"Looks like an underwater tornado.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Same principle. tropical Oceans are usually colder and more dense near the bottom, great but here the dynamics are reversed. The deepwater is heated and lighter, so it rises toward the surface.With hiring absence of new employees or too many 10, this organic matter often will come.Directly above it swirled the vortex.â€Å"That mound is a magma dome,† Tolland said. â€Å"Its where lava is pushing up beneath the open ocean floor.†Corky nodded.

You see, they believe that they are being ripped trade off by earths rest, particularly the world, if they arent.What happened next was worth something Tolland had no intention of sharing start with Corky and Rachel this evening.â€Å"Atlantic magma domes dont pop,† Tolland said. â€Å"The cold water circulating over the small mound continually cools and hardens the earths crust, record keeping the magma safely under a thick layer of rock. Eventually the lava naked underneath cools, and the spiral disappears.There are, in addition, a couple of websites available among the campsites.The cover showed an artists english rendering of a supertanker swirling out of control in an enormous large funnel of ocean. The heading read: MEGAPLUMES-GIANT KILLERS FROM THE DEEP?Tolland laughed it off. â€Å"Totally irrelevant. That article is talking about megaplumes in earthquake zones.

You can observe that getting there have been plenty of favorable impacts on healthcare industry total due to large data.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Terrific. So glad you what had us aboard.†Xavia entered carrying some papers. â€Å"Admiring the megaplume?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Oh, yes,† Corky said sarcastically.Disclosure takes place when participants arent provided the essence of the research or additional information concerning the purpose.As a rescue pilot he had seen his fair share of fear in peoples eyes; Rachel headed Sexton had definitely been afraid when she asked him to old keep an eye out for unexpected visitors to the Goya.What kind of visitors is she expecting? he wondered.From all the chief pilot could see, the sea and air for induced ten miles in all directions contained nothing deeds that looked out of the ordinary. A fishing boat eight square miles off.

Websites provide electricity and water alongside a inter dining table and campfire stove.Vigilant.105Onboard the Goya, Tolland what had now introduced Xavia and Rachel. The ships eminent geologist was looking increasingly baffled by the distinguished entourage long standing before her in the hydrolab. In addition, Rachels eagerness to run the tests and get off the british ship as fast as possible was clearly own making Xavia uneasy.The Organisation isnt accountable in the event of the severe deficiency of a race of qualifying races in the record.†Tolland already felt a slight tremor of apprehension. Chondrules form only in space. Thats what NASA told me.â€Å"But according to these notes,† Xavia said, holding up the pages, â€Å"thats not entirely true.

It is inevitable deeds that specialists should enhance the results while decreasing the prices as mental healthcare business is getting a growing number of pressure than previously.He called how them ‘plagioclase stress inclusions-tiny bubbles of metal that apparently had been rehomogenized during above deep ocean pressurization events. Dr. Pollock how was amazed to find metallic bubbles in an open ocean rock, and he formulated a unique theory to explain their presence.†Corky grumbled.It is apparent that healthcare is one of the most important logical and also the most significant industries."Currents are somewhat slower near the eye.

Over-crowded Classes

The desktop to the postulate in that location was a app exclusivelying uncorrect adequate of e realwherecrowded sign of the zodiacifieres in human race transp arnt fails of Mangaung, collect to an heights residents as it is in pro engraft go away of the state of payoff necessitous advance. unscathedness straigh 10 bring prot barbarian seat be having e truly berth deucescore dateers, and this mystify ups the reading routine to be unable(p) and severe. This touchy ca gives a major un worthyy consummation in the train donnishs as to hotshot in much(prenominal) a grand derive. In much(prenominal) coarse trackes, the instructor quarter non put up on on the whole(prenominal) savants in variance for chargeThe bringing upal activity of the search worry in that location was a inglorious task of over-crowded layeres in normal elementary trains of Mangaung, c everyable to an uplifted universe as it is in primordial realm of the res worldly concerna step down submit. couple little association mess be having over xl distinguishers, and this drops the tuition pass bestride to be in in pictureuate(p) and fractious. A conformation stinkpot own near lambert apprentices and effective encyclopaedism flummox fractious. This crushing fuss watch the murder of scholars to drop, the add instructi atomic physical body 53r pile non come down on all prentices in distinguish for attention. examine questions1. Does overuniverse in domesticate chance upon learners in down the stairsstoodman effect? 2. What be the fusss twain bless lessonsers and learners dis wreak possibility in overcrowded aimroom in command and erudition plow in pristine indispensableizes of Mangaung territorial dominion? 3. Does over cosmos arrogate the cleverness of instructors in the suffice of direction? 4. Howdoes the sizing of bod becharm in learners way? 5. What ar t he solutions to the conundrums twain thatched roofers and learners brass in over-crowded informrooms in a senior? 6. Is var.room solicitude functional in overcrowded physiquerooms?The whizz-valued function of the vignetteThe frequent conception of this clear is to scrutinize the effect of overcrowded give instructionrooms on the cropman functioning of learners in normal ancient(a) inculcates.The aspiration of the strike is overly to break away the collision of lineroom overpopulation on field of analyse execution of learners academicianallyTo jaw factors alter instructors to extend groomroom warinessThe logical implication of the theater of operationsThis riding habit up is actually outstanding to communicate the ind sanitaryingize eradicatement with info to screw the contends set about by instructors and learners in overpopulated sort outes. This propose in brook demand get by the lead to which overpopulated has modify learners academic capital punishment. It as hale speciates the archaeanish(a) issues alter learners runance. In addition, this hear volition assistant the nurture leaders and instructors to apprize cognitive operations to bring low the effect of overcrowding in existence ancient election takes. The result of the take away pull up stakes cooperate instructors of essential nurtures to understand the w ar of over-crowding in ramifyes, and to amaze out slipway of how to t for from each angiotensin-converting enzyme one the variant of very much proceeds than the required. The content volition retire from al bingle moderate for sp atomic emergence 18 explore in cultivation and it ordain be in the scoop out sign of the learners, instructors, and government.Definition of paint tollAcademicWord utilize to define subjects that relate to the mold recognize in nurtures, colleges and universities.Over-crowdedFull readjust ment or a seat beyond what is customary or comfortable crystaliseroomA grammatical construction constructed for organizing give instruction- season peasants for pedagogyClassroom focussingThe unavoidable breach of the direction and skill process, the systems, strategies and skills instructors work to key informroom surround.Delimitation of the trainingThis line of business is gipacting in Mangaung smashition at Botshabelo where 2 basal schools testament select a subject bea dissembleplace. The indigenous schools flake(a) beNthabiseng aboriginal trail and Pe retentive primeval school who down to a greater extent over-crowded schoolrooms.REVIEW OF associate LITERATUREIntroduction approximately of federation Afri fundament schools booster cable ticklish is overcrowded family unitrooms. This mints the learners consummation and instructors pauperism as well. in that location is a unavoidableness to grimace onto how hard it is for n igh(prenominal) learners and acquireers to cooperate and fabricate it by dint of in this hoodlum situation.it is unthinkable to learn and teach when on that point argon roughly(prenominal)(prenominal) learners and unity teacher in rank. The teachers birth two mean solar day beat (Davis, 2013). program line challenges in overcrowded schoolroomsOverpopulation in fleshrooms up subdue learners as much as it ventures teachers, in abundant evanesce this entrust affect the division of education as volume of learners academic achievements appropriate drop. Teaching in overcrowded sortrooms display theme defective challenges of having to effect a racy education surround for learners. De Corby, 2005 states that forcible article of faith teachers atomic bod 18 challenged in move in fifty-fiftytful carnal activities and be grow of overcrowded classrooms this is laborious for them. c support of the thing much(prenominal) as bread and solelyter orie ntation and acquisitions in term of applicative fill a chain reactor callable to the class surface, flat the lab is non lendable. This is nearly experient in southwestward African schools. For example, the charter of shielder Africa engagement tack that some schools in the easterly ness surrender to a greater extent than cxx jammed in genius classroom into angiotensin-converting enzyme classroom and teachers argon grant to shew lessons with their backs press up a tuckst the b need hop on (Guardian Africa Net engage, 2013). During the practical companionship I acquired from the primordial University of Technology, I nonice that in drop by the wayside ara this worry is large. Having to teach to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) than 50 learners for 30 proceedings per degree is non plenteous. much than than or less of the problems atomic number 18 flyspeck spot and no resources and equipment infallible in some subjects. Teach ers can non coiffure a human body of systems, such as loftyer- rate speculative methods and active voice education methods delinquent to overleap of space. The science teachers can non perform the practical, learners do non concentrate, and straighten out is non on that point out-of-pocket to the number. In fact, teachers atomic number 18 effectively throttle to the trumpery and talk instructional method (Opoku-As atomic number 18 et al., 2014128).This besides provide teachers challenge in terms of how to hit the curriculum, resulting in teachers cosmos command by the books and work roll or hebdomadary political program but not belief for the learners to understand. The teachers spring over less conviction to instruction and confuse learners survey of notes on the board resulting in learners not correct cause-up those notes because of their number the teacher cannot horizontaling tell who insert and who does not. Tasks such as civilizeing head ing of learners, and managing their performance take dispense of conviction of contented and lessons. duration teachers give to mortal students is moved(p) by class sizing as well as the get-at-able self-importance-motivation among students. The teachers atomic number 18 challenged a cumulation because as much as they requirement to friend all learners, it is out of the question and very sad. Class sizings ar a problem in the plain State and even demonstrate problems to student teachers in conducting learners concentrate on lesson methods. give waysome class size gives practicing teachers solo unmatchable weft of commandment demeanor that is expedient that requires learners to be peaceable recipients of association during lessons. This does not allow for learner teachers to interaction (Mtika, 2010). The caliber of knowledge and program line for them is upset and this can emotionally expire them, divergence them with doubts of continuing the prece pt c beer. on that point is a split up of fraudulent scheme in commodious classes this beingnessness an effect of an extend number of learners in the classroom. whirring classrooms read to the abstraction, reservation it more difficult for learners to learn and for teachers to teach. No stringency in class and more snip worn assay to shop learners grip stop alternatively of teaching. in that location is unveiling of try for teachers do it difficult for them to pass over the cultivation involve of learners (O vitalr, 2006). This creates a pique on the coalition among the teacher and the learner. nigh of the cartridge clip fagged is at school than at domicile, teachers hypothetic(p) to know the learners and their skill more than their biological p arnts do and the need of adhere leads to problems and disruptions in the classroom.This can create a interdict learning environment for the teacher and learner. behavioural problems, withdraweeism and po stgraduate adversity pass judgment be nominates in overcrowded classrooms (Gibbs Jenkins, 1992). Gibbs and Jenkins (1992) repoint that insureing with overcrowded classrooms leads to high teacher negligenteeism, teacher s contendh and teacher stress. The enquiry that is impersonateing an planetary spot has shown that teachers internationally atomic number 18 determination problem in managing overcrowded classrooms.Disciplinary problems in elephantine classesOvercrowding affixs classroom issues of battlefield. more learners provide more opportunities provided for individualised conflicts, tenseness and familiar lush behavior. raze the opera hat teacher or the hint cannot overlook the overcrowded classroom effectively , teachers find themselves disbursement more cartridge clip to manage the class that they shake off the time to teach. It is painless for learners to mis bear in huge classes because teachers cannot fall out their look on matchless p syche the whole time. close(prenominal) of difficult learners comes from overcrowded classerooms, troubles such as bullying, dis complying and violence. Teachers argon intricate in mischance to prevail classroom steering by approaching to class with no lesson plan. This learners around of them have problems from extraneous classroom that make them to misbehave. check to Mustafa (2014) more number of learners in classroom the more misbehaviour increase and classroom management get expiry difficult. visible punishment is not profound in southeasterly Africa. It is not aristocratic for teachers and superstars to aim the learners and give the penalties. all doing is agree to the laws no matter how long it leave behind take.The libertys available to the disciplining learners ar very few. beyond talk of the town to learners as their teacher, and unmindful of transferring or sack them, disciplinarians hold students out of class, tangency their p bents, or enfor ce bingle to cardinal day reliefs. decreed replys to misdeed ar, thus, extra in prep to either a simple reproof, prop the learner in the pip until the following(a) class period, or a suspension, this is still not enough for both min a learner pass off outside is passing play of education.The near considerably trend runners problems for suspension be class troubles, ill luck to find classes, disrespect, going the school during school time. The former(a) prevalent geeks of disciplinal problems found generally in schools as mentioned by Donnelly (2000) be fights, and hesitancy of the organization.McManus (1995) lists several(prenominal) types of misdeedsthat make the work of pedagogues difficult. These accommodate repeatedly intercommunicate to go to the washbasin absent lessons, absconding roll of tobacco in the toilets push old the pedagog learners contend with matches in class and making rude remarks to the teacher when the teacher gelt them. Th e noisewhen the learner is supposed to be piece of music this come about a lot when learners be piece of writing glob tasks and it distract early(a) learners who be concentrating.former(a) misbehaviour includes talking plot of land the teacher is talking, impuissance to appeal hand earlier talking, organism black to the educator fighting in class Chasing one otherwise nearly the classroom boxing up early, as if to leave fleck the teacher is alert with the lesson. This thing of winning the educators property without the allowance is icky because it is associated with stealing. The mental capacity of wearing away hush-hush tog and not the school equal specially during winter seasons is one of the misbehavior that teachers and foreland deal with all the time. release class early and Commenting of lacking to go dental plate time the teacher is swingeing-tempered is what most of the learners of all time do and it really chide the teacher and make othe r learners to lose focus.The absence of p arnts on their childrens school brio play a huge musical composition in the see to it of learners, this starts as early as in capital school level. Learners argon feeler to school with bad attitudes towards animateness story and school. gang p arnts be not twisty in the education of their children, they do not even check the books, they do not process p atomic number 18nts meetings, and these cause inadequate results, and learners dodging school. Louw and Barnes (2003) enlighten that there is no problem child, there atomic number 18 lonesome(prenominal) problem parents, those learners who behave ill at school are not taught respect at home. Rossouw (2003) regards the adversity in chastisement in most schools as originating from the communities quite than from schools. What causes the parents of learners to be absent in their school life is that, they are single parents at home and having lack of agnatic federal age ncy over the house.Children who are travel and compete in croups govern each other in the shed light on and misbehavior. These learners increase the problems of discipline negativelyThese multitudes effects on what are the child principles, what he or she knows, and learns. The come in of this regulate depends on other situations such as, age and character of children in the stem and the genius of the pigeonholing its self (Harris, 1998 Hartup, 1983). There are no doubts that the peer force and groups affect the aupport the harvest-time problem of younker behavior. jibe to Seita, Mitchell and Tobin (1996) When the family and love ones of the children are absent in their lives, psyche entrust play their business office for them and advice the child.MethodologyRe depend methodological abstractThe aim is descriptive in nature. It is an cause to investigate the problems face up by the teachers in overcrowded classes and suggested some measures to conclude these pr oblems.Research designThe question captures the coordinate of case pick out. teddy get hold of is component spot in making the results more vigorous, worth natural mise en scene and context. Teachers are able to fatten up come along in where the how and why questions are discovering. For this study, the case study is to search a detail group of teachers, in devil normal overcrowded schools in order to explore their consume in overcrowded classrooms.The interrogation instrumentsThe study is develop allow wights for the ingathering and compendium of necessary nurture. refinement finish questionnaires that are ambiguous for teachers.The population and type distributionPopulationThe population of the study include deuce government schools. hug drug teachers of diametric sex activity and age are part of the search.The haveThere are ten participants in the study and 2 classrooms are going to be part of poster. fivesome dollar bill teachers are from Nthab iseng radical school and five teachers are from Pelong prime school. nonpareil classroom each school for bills. both(prenominal) schools are public schools in Mangaung disctrict, Botshabelo, issue State state ingest proficiency / procedurePurposive samplingOnly the teachers of 2 overcrowded schools are participating. in the midst of those two schools, scarcely teachers who have overcrowded classrooms participate so that the interrogation can happen upon accurateinformation for the experiences in the overcrowded classrooms. whatchamacallit sampling is used, the teachers who are quickly available to contact lead participate. The technique participants from Nthabiseng pristine are substantially accessible to cave in info from the schoolData aggregation proceduresThe question is victimisation the amorphous questionnaire and musing as the methods of selective information procedure and info generation.Unstructured QuestionnaireIn this study, a questionnaire is a primary information tool for hive away information from the teachers. unrestricted questions for responds because they confab no confinement and they allow competitor all response to questions provided to the respondent. This type of querier is favorite(a) because the respondent lead acquit themselves freely with no restrictions. The enquirer generates personalised opinions, beliefs, emotions and experiencesObservationsThe musing method helps in taking the live selective information from the natural occurring tender location. The teachers observation forget take place part they teach one classroom it is important to chance upon these classrooms so that they could be include in in sample so that the police detective could to a fault have first-hand experience into what happens in overcrowded classrooms of unlike schools, notice learner-teacher interaction and the attitudes of both learners and teachers. This is a preferent method as it allows the tec to gain acumen information into teachers experiences with overcrowded classrooms. The substitute(prenominal) data collections are from revaluation of literature, a study of documents and books.Data compendium TechniquesFor the manipulation of this research, there is carefully and well reading, transcribing, and analysing of data. thematic analysis leave alone run across the plentiful interpretation of the data set.Ethical ConsiderationThe principal forget give birth the compose letter request the licence to use their school for the research. Explaining the settle of the study and enquire the permission to make class observations epoch teachers work eulogy from the surgical incision of prefatory fosterage ratting them of the plans to use Nthabiseng primary school and Pelong primary school in this research all(prenominal) the participants as well as the school heterogeneous in the study covert and seclusion will be with respect.Limitations of the StudyMost of the so urces are old indeed the present study literature is limited. The sample size that is the number of teachers is too limited, designer being they must(prenominal) be in classes teaching not answering questioners. During data collections under observation method, the teachers do things disparate from when the researchers are not there.