Special People in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep :: Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep Essays

Special People in Do Androids Dream of Electric SheepThe old man said, You will be need to do wrong no matter where you go. It is the basic condition of life, to be required to violate your own identity (156). This statement made me rec every(prenominal) several(prenominal) essays that I read by William Butler Yeats. The central idea in Yeats essays was that we are all raised in a myth. We are all taught to subsist as metaphors, as symbolisationisms of something supposedly greater than ourselves, and, as Dick says, violate your own identity. My response to this supposition is to wonder how are we to find that identity when we have been taught to be something other than that individual identity? And what happens to those who scorn to be symbols? If we are, as Yeats postulates, merely symbols of something greater then how are we to uncover first what that symbol represents, and second, how that symbol represents our true self? It seems to me that as people become symbols they bec ome abstract, something ideal rather than real. Thus, we are all living an illusory existence, an existence created by others. Dick says further, At some time, every creature which lives must do so. It is the ultimate shadow, the defeat of creation this is the curse at work, the curse that feeds on all life. Everywhere in the universe (156). I agree with Dicks assertion that every person who lives is handed a metaphor but I also believe that the majority of those persons do not even know or acknowledge that they are living as a metaphor. It seems to me that the key to self-discovery is to recognize and acknowledge that you are living a lie that was encoded into your psyche before and after your birth. How does one continue to live as a mere symbol after acknowledging such a thing? Of course, millions do just that. But there are those people in the world that refuse to be metaphors, refuse to be symbols. It is in these people that we receive the wellspring of truth, whether we want it or not. Which brings us to Dicks next statement that, Once pegged as special, a citizen, even if accepting sterilization, dropped out of history. He ceased, in effect, to be part of mankind. (13). Now in Dicks interpretation of special, he is referring to those that fiat deems less than perfect those that do not meet the specifications of the metaphor.

Now and then :: essays research papers

Why Rate? To paraphrase the old ditch cull tune, bye-bye, Johnnie. Johnnie Johnson, the rhythm-and-blues piano magical whose pioneering partnership with Berry produced such indelible tracks as "Roll over Beethoven" and "No Particular Place To Go" and helped to lay the foundations for rock n roll, died Wednesday. He was 80. According to his agent at New York-based Talent Consultants International, Johnson died of natural causes at his home in St. Louis. Musician John may told the St. Louis Post-Dispatch that Johnson had been hospitalized a month agonene for pneumonia and had also been on dialysis for a kidney ailment. Despite his ailments, Johnson refused to stop playing, taking the stage as recently as two weeks ago Johnson, who was inducted into the Rock and Roll planetary house of Fame in 2001, influenced generations of rockers through his collaborations with Berry--everyone from Elvis Presley and Little Richard to the Beatles and the Rolling Stones. Fellow roc k originator Bo Diddley, who performed with Johnson on Feb. 9, called Johnson "a groovy man and a coarse musician." "It was so much fun to play with Johnnie," Diddley said in a statement. "He lead be lose but his music will live on." Berry was traveling back from Europe and was not immediately available for comment, according to his publicist. A self-taught musician, bandleader and composer, Johnson composed the riffs for many an(prenominal) of Berrys most famous tunes, including "Maybellene," " impertinent Little Sixteen" and "Rock and Roll Music," which Berry transposed to guitar. Berry wrote his best-known song, "Johnny B. Goode," in tribute to Johnson. exactly it was Johnson who actually gave Berry his prototypal big break. On New Years Eve in 1952, Johnson, then fronting the his own trio in St. Louis, was stuck. His sax player aviate ill and he required an emergency replacement, so he called in his pal Berry, a pr omising young guitarist, to fill in. The show was a hit, Johnson asked Berry to join the band, and soon the to a greater extent charismatic Berry was the frontman. Their partnership produced dozens of hit songs before they parted company in 1973. Wracked by alcoholism, Johnson fell turned the radar. He was driving a bus when Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards tracked Johnson down during the making of the 1987 Berry documentary, Hail Hail Rock n Roll. Richards, convinced that Johnson should be in the rock pantheon aboard Berry, launched a high-profile campaign to get Johnson into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.Now and then essays research papersWhy Rate? To paraphrase the old Chuck Berry tune, bye-bye, Johnnie. Johnnie Johnson, the rhythm-and-blues piano wizard whose pioneering partnership with Berry produced such indelible tracks as "Roll over Beethoven" and "No Particular Place To Go" and helped to lay the foundations for rock n roll, died Wednesday. He was 80. According to his agent at New York-based Talent Consultants International, Johnson died of natural causes at his home in St. Louis. Musician John May told the St. Louis Post-Dispatch that Johnson had been hospitalized a month ago for pneumonia and had also been on dialysis for a kidney ailment. Despite his ailments, Johnson refused to stop playing, taking the stage as recently as two weeks ago Johnson, who was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2001, influenced generations of rockers through his collaborations with Berry--everyone from Elvis Presley and Little Richard to the Beatles and the Rolling Stones. Fellow rock originator Bo Diddley, who performed with Johnson on Feb. 9, called Johnson "a great man and a great musician." "It was so much fun to play with Johnnie," Diddley said in a statement. "He will be missed but his music will live on." Berry was traveling back from Europe and was not immediately available for comment, according to his publicist. A self-taught musician, bandleader and composer, Johnson composed the riffs for many of Berrys most famous tunes, including "Maybellene," "Sweet Little Sixteen" and "Rock and Roll Music," which Berry transposed to guitar. Berry wrote his best-known song, "Johnny B. Goode," in tribute to Johnson. But it was Johnson who actually gave Berry his first big break. On New Years Eve in 1952, Johnson, then fronting the his own trio in St. Louis, was stuck. His sax player fell ill and he needed an emergency replacement, so he called in his pal Berry, a promising young guitarist, to fill in. The show was a hit, Johnson asked Berry to join the band, and soon the more charismatic Berry was the frontman. Their partnership produced dozens of hit songs before they parted company in 1973. Wracked by alcoholism, Johnson fell off the radar. He was driving a bus when Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards tracked Johnson down during the making of the 1987 Berry documentary, Hail Hail Rock n Roll. Richards, convinced that Johnson should be in the rock pantheon alongside Berry, launched a high-profile campaign to get Johnson into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

Free Huckleberry Finn Essay - The Adventures of Huck :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn When children argon born into the world they are completely free and uncontaminated from outside influences and ideas but as life continues they grow and are affected by society, their environment, and personal aspirations. All of these reasons cause people and society to react in certain ways when confronted with particular situations and people. Often the reactions to these confrontations are found mainly on morality, yet no always as proven in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by the fictional writer, Mark Twain. Huckleberry Finn, a young man who has experient and survived great obstacles in his young years, shaped his beliefs and morals but was capable of undergoing a considerable change in both mind and heart with the befriend of his run away slave, Jim. Jim and Huck had a relationship, which was transformed through time and trust, but always had the reminder that one was white and the other was black. This was a study influe nce on Hucks behavior towards Jim but through the progression of the book Hucks attitude and respect towards Jim increases considerably after Huck self-evaluates himself and society and begins to focus on what is truly important but not always right. Huck is a strong-willed, free-spirited youth who attempts to portray himself as a bad boy but oftentimes finds himself doing just the opposite however, several times he causes negative situations which affects himself and people around him. When Jim and Huck find to each one other after escaping their homes, they continue their move around down the river together. One night Jim and Huck separate on the river because of the fog but Huck finds Jim asleep after a few hours of searching for each other. When Jim wakes Huck attempts to tell him that it was any a dream because they had never been separated and there was never any fog. After lying so sufficiently for all his life, Huck never considering how his lies affected a p erson and especially a friendship until Jim told him. When I got all wore out wid work, en wid de callin for you, en went to sleep, my heart wuz mos bust bekase you wuz los, en I didnt kyer no mo what become er me en de raf.

Robert E. Lee Essay -- Biography Biographies Bio essays research paper

Robert E. lee(prenominal)IntroductionFew episodes in history are more painful to Americans than the Civil War,fought between the northeasterly and the South. This biography, Great American Generals- Robert E. Lee, by Ian Hogg, takes the reader through the life of one of thegreatest heroes of that war, Robert E. Lee. It is a thorough, in depth recordof the life of Lee and begins with a detailed account of his family history andhis birth, through his college years, military experience and his work in laterlife to his death on October 12, 1870. The first few pages focalise the scene bylisting a substantial amount of facts about the names and backgrounds of hisparents Harry and Ann and Lees wife, Mary Custis, with some reference to hisfathers army career and semipolitical life. After Lees early years, the readerwill learn of his schooling at the Military Academy, West Point, followed by hislife in the Army before and afterward the Civil War. The biography ends in thelatter pages w ith an account of his work after his military career came to anend, and finally, with his death after a prolonged period of ill-health, sentimentto be stress induced.Author Ian Hogg is a prolific writer in the field of defense andmilitary technology. He is a weapons expert, having written umpteen books on alltypes of rifles, shotguns and small arms, such as Modern Rifles, Shotguns andPistols, and Modern Small Arms. He is an acknowledged expert on infantryweapons and is thought to be the worlds leading expert on this and artillerystrategies. He is a well known author of military history, and works as aweapons evaluator in addition to his writing.Robert E. Lee was born in Stratford, Virginia on January 19, 1807. Hisfather, henry Lee, had achieved fame with Washingtons army as LighthorseHarry,and it was a fame that rested not only on his cavalry exploits merely uponsound strategic and tactical ability. A significant portion of his fame wascredited to him for beating off a surprise British attack at diffuse Eagle Tavernin January, 1778. Unfortunately Harry was egotistical and had a high opinion ofhis own abilities. Although he achieved the rank of lieutenant-colonel, he feltthat he deserved more. When the war ended and he had not advanced in rank heresigned from the army to pursue a career in politics. Henry decided to run forthe position... ...nd thecircumstances into which he was born on January 19, 1807, and ends with hisdeath on October 12, 1870.Hogg relates the intervening years in an extremely interesting fashion,providing many an(prenominal) fascinating and detailed pieces of information. The story ispresented in a way that keeps the interest of the reader, and is not boring,even when giving statistics of the various campaigns that Lee undertook. Thebook appeals not in force(p) to Lee fans, but to all history students.The pages are filled with numerous detailed maps, and colorful picturesthat enhance the view of Lee and his life. Military students w ill delight inthe descriptions of the war, while students of Lees character are rewarded byfascinating facts of his and his parents lives.Hogg presents this painful episode in Americas history in a balanced,non-judgemental way. He portrays Lee as a man of great integrity and honor, atrue Southern gentleman, and casts no slurs concerning the fact that Lee was onthe losing side of a war in which there were no winners.This is an exciting and informative book and is one of the moreenjoyable books which are required reading for this course.

Musimundo Case Study :: Business Strategy Analysis

1.DESCRIBE THE STRATEGIC CONTEXT IN WHICH QUINTANA SHOULD JUDGE MUSIMUNDOS PERFORMANCE. WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENVIRONMENT THAT MUSIMUNDO COMPETES IN? WHAT ARE PEGASUS STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES FOR MUSIMUNDO? HOW DO THESE FACTORS AFFECT THE BUDGETING PROCESS?Strategic ContextQuintana wants to strategically recompense the managers of the Musimundo stores for meeting their budgetary goals however, many managers were completely unable to do this and other managers were guaranteed their sales quota.Quintana can rectify this situation by modifying the Musimundo incentive system. Quintana can use multiple performance measures to reward his managers. These performance measures can be sales based on a flexible budget that looks at historical sales and measures them against current sales. The manager could be rewarded for the percentage of increase.Quintana can also use a balanced scorecard approach for each store. A stores success can be based on a number of factors aside from sales. These factors could be customer satisfaction surveys, growth within the store, and management of employees and human resources.Additionally for the next year, Quintana should instrument and/or refine an Activity Based Budgeting system. Quintana can first assign overhead costs to cost pools that represent the largest activities for Musimundo. These costs would be related to the purchase, location, and stocking of medicinal drug (Music represented 41% of the Musimundo business in 2004).After these overhead costs are assigned, the costs can be allocated to the various retail stores based on their consumption of the good (e.g. the number of musical works they stock and sell).The Musimundo EnvironmentThe Musimundo environment is jaded and disproportionately profitable in various regions of genus Argentina. As Argentina was exiting its economic crisis, various regions were catching up in the realm of consumption however, other regions were either not catching up or lacked th e activity to apply the proper sales. Managers in the more profitable regions were achieving/surpassing their sales goals, while managers in the less active regions were unable to achieve their sales goals. These underperforming managers were penalized by a system that they neither fostered nor developed. In all likelihood, the underperforming managers were disincentivized by unrealistic budgetary goals for their region, needing further assurances from corporate that their vision could be achieved. All retail stores suffered from a lack of product, destroying the potential sales that they could have gained. The stores in less popular/populated regions may have garnered a reputation for being unreliable and continually appear of stock.

Musimundo Case Study :: Business Strategy Analysis

1.DESCRIBE THE STRATEGIC CONTEXT IN WHICH QUINTANA SHOULD JUDGE MUSIMUNDOS PERFORMANCE. WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENVIRONMENT THAT MUSIMUNDO COMPETES IN? WHAT ARE PEGASUS STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES FOR MUSIMUNDO? HOW DO THESE FACTORS AFFECT THE BUDGETING wreak?Strategic ContextQuintana wants to strategically reward the managers of the Musimundo stores for meeting their budgetary goals however, some managers were completely unable to do this and opposite managers were guaranteed their sales quota.Quintana can rectify this function by modifying the Musimundo incentive system. Quintana can use multiple performance measures to reward his managers. These performance measures can be sales based on a waxy budget that looks at historical sales and measures them against current sales. The manager could be rewarded for the percentage of increase.Quintana can also use a balanced scorecard access code for each store. A stores success can be based on a number of factors aside from sa les. These factors could be customer felicity surveys, growth within the store, and management of employees and human resources.Additionally for the next year, Quintana should implement and/or refine an Activity Based Budgeting system. Quintana can first assign knock costs to cost pools that represent the largest activities for Musimundo. These costs would be related to the purchase, location, and stocking of Music (Music represented 41% of the Musimundo business in 2004).After these overhead costs ar assigned, the costs can be allocated to the various retail stores based on their consumption of the good (e.g. the number of musical works they stock and sell).The Musimundo EnvironmentThe Musimundo environs is jaded and disproportionately profitable in various regions of Argentina. As Argentina was exiting its economic crisis, various regions were catching up in the realm of consumption however, other regions were either not catching up or lacked the activity to generate the p roper sales. Managers in the more profitable regions were achieving/surpassing their sales goals, while managers in the less active regions were unable to achieve their sales goals. These underperforming managers were penalized by a system that they neither fostered nor developed. In all likelihood, the underperforming managers were disincentivized by unrealistic budgetary goals for their region, needing march on assurances from corporate that their vision could be achieved. All retail stores suffered from a lack of product, destroying the potential sales that they could have gained. The stores in less popular/populated regions whitethorn have garnered a reputation for being unreliable and continually out of stock.

Learning Team Deliverable Essay

Credibility is the most important part of the groups discussion last week. The members of the team agreed that credible sources must(prenominal) have a backup make a valid tilt otherwise an argument or deed of conveyances could become an opinion or an invalid argument. One disadvantage of not having credible information is it could tarnish ones reputation and doubt from audiences. Once the information has been put out to the public, the receiver or audience could verify the information to ensure that it comes from credible and reliable information. The speaker builds trust among the audiences when a claim or an argument presented are credible information and comes from a trustworthy source.The group also discussed the process of a claim becoming a belief using critical thinking. When a claim occurs, active listeners will analyze the total image of the message. The message image implys the words they heard, the emotion they snarl and all the nonverbal cues they saw. They evaluat e all the information they received against what they know to be true, to verify the credibility with the claims content and source. When fallacies in the claim get uncovered, they must be further dissected taking out the rhetoric and emotive instigators thus, leaving the contents of a valid argument and a response to the claim formulated. If the response shared, the communication cycle has a chance to circle back to the sender to further argue their claim. The message is successful when a claim is put together favorable.Since the internet is where we get most of our information, it is importantto examine the source of the information and ensure factual evidence and not the occasions point of view. In evaluating the credibility of internet sources, one must examine whether information is a fact or the authors opinion. Does it contain original information or simply just links? Is the information accurate? The information needs to be validated against other reliable resources for co mparison and evaluate the author of the information.The author should come from a reputable and known organization in his field of expertise. The website must have a list of biographical information of the author to include his position, education, affiliation, and address. Judging the reliability of sources and site on the internet is crucial since there are no regulating body that monitors its reliability and authenticity. The lists of criteria to consider are as follows the author or sponsor of the webpage should be identified and have apparent qualifications, must contain a copyright symbol and no obvious power for biases.ReferenceMoore, B.N. & Parker, R. (2009). Critical thinking. (9th ed.). McGraw-Hill Higher Education.Retrieved from the University of Oklahoma websitehttp//www.ou.edu/deptcomm/dodjcc/groups/02A/

Present Simple

PRESENT SIMPLE 1-When do we drop it? -When we atomic number 18 public lecture about a habit -When we are talking about a schedule -When we are stating a fact -When we say something that is usually true -When we give instructions or directions. 2-TIME EXPRESSIONS for things that happen regularly are -Every. -Once a. -Twice a. -On Tuesdays.. -In winters. OR -Always, Frequently, Often, Usually, Regularly, Generally, Sometimes, Seldom, Rarely, Never. * Time Expressions that are one word, we put before the main verb. . g. I always do my homework. e. g. We dont usually spend so much money. * If the main verb is BE (am, is, are), we put the Time Expression after it. e. g. I am never late. * When we have a sentence that is a general fact, we dont use any time expression and we have to know that it refers to PRESENT SIMPLE. e. g. The sun shines in the east. My father works in a factory. We live in Boston. How To Use The Present Simple? i) Affirmative course of instruction -Subject + Verb + Object e. g I play football every day. **3rd person of singular -Most of the verbs bear off the letter s to from 3rd person of singular, e. g. Live-lives Work-works but the verbs ending in sh, ch, o, x, ss, we ad es e. g. wash-washed, teach-teaches, go-goes fix-fixes kiss-kisses andthe verbs ending in consonant + letter Y, we slashed y and add ies. e. g. fly-flies cry-cries study-studies butthe verbs ending in vowel + letter Y, we add s. e. g. play-plays say-says Stay-stays ii) Negative form To do the negative form in present simple tense, we must use the auxiliary to do. -Subject + verb to do (conjugated) + not + main verb (infinitive) + the object. e. g. I do not play lawn tennis every day. She does not work in my company. do not= dont . does not= doesnt iii) Interrogative form -Like in negative form, we must use the auxiliary to do. -Verb to do (conjugated) + subject + main verb (conjugated) + object + ? e. g. Do you go to school on Sunday? Does Carlos play football every weekend? Carlos Vieira

Rotc in the Philippines

ROTC Empowering the youth for peace and progress Why do the hard way, if theres an easy way, these ar the words that allow conform to out from the mouth of an average and malingering gentle being, simply taking the Reserved Officer homework Corps as their National benefit Training Program get out cite them no average human being. These Cadets like me stepped out from the rest, to be above all the rest. Taking up the polite Welf atomic number 18 Training Service, forget be no extra universal just like every civilian can do and unlike a militiaman can do.Not all students in the tertiary level have the gut and courage to take the ROTC as their chosen NSTP or to enter a war machine Service, but why do you think these students outside the military employment did not take this path of being a future reservist, a withstander of the republic and a keeper of harmony among the Filipinos? First, they say that in ROTC they depart stand up under the heat of the sun for a long ti me, yes they will stand under the heat of the sun, but that is part of their teach however, they will not stand up that long that will be too fantastic for their offbeat.Second, they say that Hazing is rampant and were being conducted to cadets in ROTC, but Hazing is clearly not tolerable in the organization, how will a Cadet, a youth will gift peace and progress if they will be exposed to unlawful military group such as hazing? Third, ROTC is full of burden and hardships. These people consider Physical Training as burden and hardships these are only part and parcel of their training as Cadets and to be a future defender of the state.Physical training is for the betterment of their soundlybeing and life when they came back as a civilian in the society, they entered a Military Service not a playground. These are the three common reasons on why these students who did not take the ROTC and rejected to be part of the corps. These students or even the civilian world perceived only the one side of the coin, the prejudicious side of Military Service. In ROTC, it promotes patriotism, moral values, virtues, respect for rights of the civilian and union to the constitution, the core values on empowering peace and progress.These youths, the cadets are casted to be future leadership of our country and to be the trust of our body politic, here where some of our finest warriors are products of the ROTC. They are equipped mentally, physically, socially, and emotionally. They are trained to be disciplined, to build a better personality, and to have the best weaknesses. Military Professionalism is not the only lesson taught here but as well as the Conduct of a good Civilian. ROTC is one good way of property the youth away from harmful vices. As Rizal quoted The youth are the hope of the nation.ROTC Cadets as part of the youth sector are the hope of the nation and one of the primary movers on empowering peace and progress of the nation. As they come back to civilian life they are prepared to be a soldier, a leader, and a better civilian or member in the society. They are deployed as civilians to contribute in the development and progress of the society and nation. What Parents cannot taught and straighten up to their children for years, can be done and straighten in several Sundays in ROTC. Disciplined and cooperative members of the society are one of the ingredients for the peace and progress of the nation.The reservists, including the ROTC Cadets are the backbone of the build up push ups of the Philippines and as well as the society. The ROTC Cadets, Reservists and the Regular Force together with their Civilian Counterparts are having a essenceed force for the betterment and the onward motion of the Philippines. The Military especially the reserve force supports all polite eudaimonia activities done by the government and some Non Government Organizations in regard with this the Armed Forces of the Philippines launched the OPLAN Bayanih an that was criticized by numerous activists, leftists, and detractors.Despite of these criticisms, this operation was pursued and successfully continues to help the eudaimonia of the civilians, such activities are food programs, medical missions, clean up drives, and other civic and humanitarian efforts, these is to promote peace and to prevent armed struggle among the Filipinos . In times of catastrophe and calamity the ready reserve force and a fig of ROTC cadets are called to respond, help and rescue the people in need, after these, these soldiers remained in active duty to conduct relief operations.These duties and service to the nation may be done not only by the Cadets or men in military service, but also by people in the civilian company or any ordinary citizen in the society. Small actions can make a big difference. Men in uniform cannot do these things all by themselves effectively, but rather if the civilians will come in aid to them or cooperate with them big differen ce will come out, Peace and Progress in the Philippines. In this we can say that Military is no powerful or more useful than the civilians. Men in uniform have been trained to cause more abilities, but they are trained to phold the civilian supremacy at all times. The ROTC Cadets magnifies the epitomical image of an ideal Filipino who contributes to the progress and keeping the harmony among the Filipinos in the Philippines. This shows that the ROTC Cadets as a future reservist are the epitome of an ideal citizen of our country. A citizen that has a heart to sympathize his fellow Filipinos, and a soldier that has patriotism to deal the peace and order in the country. Be a young hero, join the unit, be an ROTC Cadet * CDT. DIEGO MARIANORotc in the PhilippinesROTC Empowering the youth for peace and progress Why take the hard way, if theres an easy way, these are the words that will come out from the mouth of an average and malingering human being, but taking the Reserved Officer Tra ining Corps as their National Service Training Program will make them no average human being. These Cadets like me stepped out from the rest, to be above all the rest. Taking up the Civic Welfare Training Service, will be no extra ordinary just like every civilian can do and unlike a militiaman can do.Not all students in the tertiary level have the guts and courage to take the ROTC as their chosen NSTP or to enter a Military Service, but why do you think these students outside the military profession did not take this path of being a future reservist, a defender of the republic and a keeper of harmony among the Filipinos? First, they say that in ROTC they will stand up under the heat of the sun for a long time, yes they will stand under the heat of the sun, but that is part of their training however, they will not stand up that long that will be too hazardous for their wellbeing.Second, they say that Hazing is rampant and were being conducted to cadets in ROTC, but Hazing is clearly not tolerable in the organization, how will a Cadet, a youth will empower peace and progress if they will be exposed to unlawful violence such as hazing? Third, ROTC is full of burden and hardships. These people consider Physical Training as burden and hardships these are only part and parcel of their training as Cadets and to be a future defender of the state.Physical training is for the betterment of their wellbeing and life when they came back as a civilian in the society, they entered a Military Service not a playground. These are the three common reasons on why these students who did not take the ROTC and rejected to be part of the corps. These students or even the civilian world perceived only the one side of the coin, the negative side of Military Service. In ROTC, it promotes patriotism, moral values, virtues, respect for rights of the civilian and adherence to the constitution, the core values on empowering peace and progress.These youths, the cadets are casted to be futur e leaders of our country and to be the hope of our nation, here where some of our finest warriors are products of the ROTC. They are equipped mentally, physically, socially, and emotionally. They are trained to be disciplined, to build a better personality, and to overcome weaknesses. Military Professionalism is not the only lesson taught here but as well as the Conduct of a good Civilian. ROTC is one good way of keeping the youth away from harmful vices. As Rizal quoted The youth are the hope of the nation.ROTC Cadets as part of the youth sector are the hope of the nation and one of the primary movers on empowering peace and progress of the nation. As they come back to civilian life they are prepared to be a soldier, a leader, and a better civilian or member in the society. They are deployed as civilians to contribute in the development and progress of the society and nation. What Parents cannot taught and straighten up to their children for years, can be done and straighten in sev eral Sundays in ROTC. Disciplined and cooperative members of the society are one of the ingredients for the peace and progress of the nation.The reservists, including the ROTC Cadets are the backbone of the Armed Forces of the Philippines and as well as the society. The ROTC Cadets, Reservists and the Regular Force together with their Civilian Counterparts are having a joined force for the betterment and the advancement of the Philippines. The Military especially the reserve force supports all civic welfare activities done by the government and some Non Government Organizations in regard with this the Armed Forces of the Philippines launched the OPLAN Bayanihan that was criticized by numerous activists, leftists, and detractors.Despite of these criticisms, this operation was pursued and successfully continues to help the wellbeing of the civilians, such activities are food programs, medical missions, clean up drives, and other civic and humanitarian efforts, these is to promote peac e and to prevent armed struggle among the Filipinos . In times of catastrophe and calamity the ready reserve force and a number of ROTC cadets are called to respond, help and rescue the people in need, after these, these soldiers remained in active duty to conduct relief operations.These duties and service to the nation may be done not only by the Cadets or men in military service, but also by people in the civilian community or any ordinary citizen in the society. Small actions can make a big difference. Men in uniform cannot do these things all by themselves effectively, but rather if the civilians will come in aid to them or cooperate with them big difference will come out, Peace and Progress in the Philippines. In this we can say that Military is no powerful or more useful than the civilians. Men in uniform have been trained to gain more abilities, but they are trained to phold the civilian supremacy at all times. The ROTC Cadets magnifies the epitomical image of an ideal Filipi no who contributes to the progress and keeping the harmony among the Filipinos in the Philippines. This shows that the ROTC Cadets as a future reservist are the epitome of an ideal citizen of our country. A citizen that has a heart to sympathize his fellow Filipinos, and a soldier that has patriotism to preserve the peace and order in the country. Be a young hero, join the unit, be an ROTC Cadet * CDT. DIEGO MARIANO

The Three Layers of the Skin

The skin serves as protection to our body by keeping the right temperature for it to be equal to perform its task the accurate way (Encarta, 2007). Furthermore, it also protects the immune system, consequently guarding us from different sicknesses (Encarta, 2007). This paper entitled, The Three Layers of the Skin intends to reintroduce the epidermis, dermis, as intimately as, the subcutaneous create from raw material which are the three layers of the skin (Encarta, 2007). In addition to that, it also aims to state the functions of the aforementioned.The skin is composed of three layers. The first one is technically referred to as the epidermis, which is the skin set at the outermost layer (Encarta, 2007). The aforementioned layer, in turn, has layers as well, namely 1) stratum corneum, which is composed of dead, flatcar skin cells that discard approximately every fourteen days 2) stratum licidum 3) stratum granulosum 4) stratum spinosum and 5) stratum basale, which are column-l ike in shape, wherein cells break up and drives the cells into the upper layers, and when they do, they turn flat and die (Encarta, 2007). Furthermore, in this first layer, one end discover the three types of specialized cells including 1) Melanocyte, which brings into being the pigment technically known as the melanin 2) Langerhans cell, which guards the skins immune system and 3) Merkels cell (Encarta, 2007).The second one is known as the dermis which is made up of three types of create from raw material including 1) collagen 2) elastic tissue 3) reticular fibers (Encarta, 2007). The dermis has two layers as well, namely 1) the papillary layer, which is located on top and that which is composed of a thin arrangement of collagen fibers and 2) the reticular layer, which is located at the bottom and that which is made up of thick collagen fibers put together in a parallel manner (Encarta, 2007).Moreover, in this second layer, one can discover the specialized dermal cells, including 1) hair follicles, which are located along with the pili muscle and that which joins each follicle 2) sebaceous oil glands & apocrine scent glands, which are link with the follicle 3) eccrine (sweat) glands 4) blood vessels & nerves, which convey feelings of itch, pain, as well as, temperature and 5) Meissners & Vater-Pacini corpuscles, which convey the feelings of pressure and touch (Encarta, 2007). The last layer is known as the subcutaneous tissue, which is made up of connective and fat tissues that accommodates blood vessels, as well as, nerves (Encarta, 2007). The subcutaneous tissue actually plays a large role in the control of the skins temperature (Encarta, 2007).ReferenceEncarta (2007). Skin. Retrieved May 30, 2007 fromhttp//encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761569048/Skin.html

Children can’t be disciples so they can’t be Christians either Essay

I believe this statement has many argues for and against this view, I will be spirit at both sides of this argument and producing my view.It is very hard when discussing Christianity and in which the age of someone is defined a child or adult, in the Christian world, is a child judged as an adult at the young age of 5 or 6? When a child is confirmed at the age of 14 or 15? Or is when you are leg tout ensembley classified as an adult at the age of 18? But who can put the boundaries on faith, religion and your own personal beliefs?In Marks Gospel we learn that we should read child like qualities, this is telling us that child like qualities is what we take away to be a good Christian, Honesty, enthusiasm, trust no matter what the case may be only consequently on the other hand they may non be spiritually and intellectually developed yet and be able to understand the aspects of being a Christian and disciple of Jesus, they believe in such things as Father Christmas, the Easter Bu nny Rabbit and the tooth fairy their beliefs for that is strong.They have faith in these and great enthusiasm but to their knowledge all of this is real not make belief therefore they can not have the complete commitment and understanding of being a Christian but they can learn and develop into one.Some may say that Children are more like Christians then anyone because they disciplined, they attended church, say there prayers and tend not to commit crimes and obey by the 10 commandments as adults tend to be able to do that more.Children such as babys cannot make a commitment for life and decide for themselves so they can be baptised and Godparents and parents will help guide you to Jesus until you can make your own decisiveness and choose to get confirmed which is a positive response.A faith of a child can come from their parents who have faith but then how can these young people be able to understand it unless you have experienced something to believe it, which is the case in many stories, so then When children have had a life changing experience are they criticised for not knowing how to be a Christian?Children may be selfish as they imply a lot of care and it is all about themselves but they can do kind deeds spend time with disabled people and do kind gestures which is all about being a disciple of Jesus and following the nature of discipleship in the beginning in Marks Gospel.Based on these arguments I believe to an extent that children can be disciples of Jesus and good Christians because as long as they believe and act as a Christian they have hope and faith in God, and in time their knowledge will grow as they follow the foot steps of Jesus.

Beauty by Jane Martin Essay

We confront in a country where television and advertisement is designed to entice people into always wanting more than what they already have. This hook is achieved by feeding into the human liking for happiness. Advertisers create persuasive campaigns that inundate the public with images of societies narrow interpretation of success and peach. These images be then presented as a precondition to the happiness that human beings are searching for. When a persons reality does not match this narrow image, the message sent through television and advertisements is that in order to be content people need to find a way to acquire it. As a result we live in a society where people are continuously longing for a happiness that can lonesome(prenominal) be achieved through things that are zip and external, which creates feelings of discontentment In the satirical one-act convey Beauty by Jane Martin the two sole characters are Bethany and Carla.Their behavior demonstrates the affects of discontentment caused by the media. Despite the particular that both of these women are reasonably successful, they each want the things that they do no have that are present in each other. Carla is well-favored and wants to be clean and Bethany is smart and wants to be beautiful. Under normal circumstances the longing to have what someone else has, is usual either until nowtually abandoned or translates into negative emotions that are neer acted on. However, due to the benefit of theatrics, these yearning become achievable because Bethany arrives at Carlas house armed with a goddamn genie and one more attentiveness (1108) The play is a microcosm of the discontentment in our society. This discontent is exhibited nearly effectively through Bethanys character since she was the one more willing take mislead measures to obtain what she wanted.Although, Carla similarly voiced some discontentment with her life, she was not willing to exchange her reality for someone elses. When we segregate each character and situation for examination, we are able to see how Martin purposefully crafts a story to effectively leave the audience thinking about the impact of discontentment in society. Carla is a image of the allure and illusion of beauty. She is a model the sociocultural standard of feminine beauty in society, however nothing about her is as it appears. Although she is a model, she is struggling. She is beautiful but her looks were altered by cosmetic surgery. Men were attracted to her but thequality of the men is questionable. The fact that she is not smart is to deliberately create the stereotype of the boring model. The medias use of such unrealistic models like Carla and it makes it difficult for females to achieve any level of contentment with their physical appearance. Carla is the false god the media forces women to compare themselves against. Her beauty is unattainable as it is the result of drastic measures.Yet, even if other women decide to go throug h those drastic measures they soon learn, like Carla, that it does not ultimately generate them happiness. When you examine Carla and Bethanys relationship, you can further see the emptiness in Carlas life. She describes Bethany as being one of the only female friends that she has. Reading the dialogue, even beyond the obvious points, there is so much about the friendship that is flawed. Bethany is not even aware that it is Carlas birthday and when made aware she only half-heartedly acknowledges it before she continues on with her conversation/purpose for being there. Bethany also shows no regard for the fact that Carla and is on the phone regardless of how many quantify Carla asks her to be quiet. When Carla does finish her telephone the two carry on separate monologues and their conversation only finds connection when Carla realizes that she is the topic. Carla even acknowledges that Bethany does not like her most of the time.Which forces the ref to question the extent to which Carla understands relationships like friendship. Interestingly, Martin chose to have Carla be somewhat modest and even somewhat self-deprecating regarding her attitude of toward herself and complimentary toward her less attractive friend. This superior is interesting in that we generally think of the beautiful girl in stories as being the morally corrupt one. In popular culture the most beautiful girl is generally depicted as the villain. Yet, Martin breaks from this traditional trajectory. On the other hand, Bethany is an almost villainous character. She is negative, admittedly jealous, self-absorbed, and single-minded in her motivations for things that are flitting and superficial that she believes beauty gives. She is a successful accountant, a published author, and pretty. However, these things are not enough for her. It could be said that her attitude is an indictment on the fact that women forced to view themselves in terms of their looks.Carla is allowed in many ways to be more human than Bethany is because she no longer has to strive for betterlooks. An additive evaluation can also be done of the genie, which is symbolic of the world of advertising. He is a larger than life colorful character that represents the glamour and loudness of the advertising world. The offering of wishes represents the promises of advertisings. The fact that he is see-through (1106) is symbolic of the illusion and deception of advertisement. The whole concept of advertising is comparable to a mirage, which is a inhering occurring optical illusion, yet even with the scientific explanation it is still an abstract experience that is a combination of desire and imagination.Advertising is just that, a mirage, a natural occurring illusion that comes into agreement with our desires and imagination. According to the Media Center for Literacy, advertising is the most powerful education tool in American which explains why women are knowing to view themselves this prism. Bethany was the type of person the advertisement agencies target. She was unhappy with herself, as well as someone willing to go to any length or relent any price to obtain the perfect image.The media works hard at creating a society that view themselves negatively and then they prey on the victims. Ultimately, Martin uses his play to force the audience to question ideas of beauty, happiness, and what it means to live a good life. The characters, Bethany and Carla, present us with different elements of society. Each yearns for something outside of themselves. However, the desire for beauty trumps the desire for other traits like intelligence and personal success to the extent that someone is willing to give up everything for it.WORKS CITEDKilbourne, Jean. Beautyand the Beast of Advertising. 21 celestial latitude 2012. Martin, Jane. Beauty Literature and the Writing Process. Ed. Susan X. Day, RobertFunk, and Elizabeth McMahan. Upper Saddle River Pearson, 2007. Print.

Strategic Market Planning for Social Media Platforms

Over the past several years, mixer media market has been an addition to an increasing number of companies incorporated merchandising plans. Firms of all sizes argon employing various platforms of this market tactic. At the most basic level, well-disposed media marketing enables conversations amongst firms and their customers, as opposed to traditional marketing methods where the firm directs the message. Businesses atomic number 18 beginning to realize that they cannot take for these ongoing conversations, but rather, influence them. This trend has resulted in the growth of SocialCorps, companies that are learning to take proceeds of the power of social media to reshape their relationships with customers and early(a) important audiences.1 Popular social media sites visited by net income substance ab social functionrs take Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, MySpace, Wikipedia, Flickr, and Digg (Exhibit 1). Of those, the top four social sites apply by marketers, in order of hab ituality, are Twitter, Blogs, LinkedIn, and Facebook.Becoming a SocialCorp allows a company to gain benefits that are otherwise control with traditional forms of marketing. Such advantages complicate unparalleled overture to market research, enhanced brand awareness and perception, better engrossment with all stakeholders, increased control everyplace the companys marketplace message, and a richer enjoyment upr experience. This paper forget explain how various companies ask used social media marketing differently to achieve these advantages.Social networking websites are visited by three-quarters of all Internet users2. With the growing popularity of social media usage, many companies believe Web 2.0 marketing is the future3. As social media marketing gains headlines in companies strategic agendas, astonishing statistics are revealed about the use of this marketing tactic* Dell estimates that through its various communication channels, the company has two billion conversat ions with customers every year.4* 88% of marketers are using social media marketing for their business. Of these, 72% reported that they had been using social media marketing for a few months or less.5* 79% of the Fortune 100 companies are present and listening, using at least of one of the main social platforms to communicate with their customers.6* By 2011, online social media advertising in the U.S. will be approximately $2.5 billion.7From these statistics, it is evident that companies of all sizes are actively using different social platforms to reach their target segments. However, a shift of focus to social media marketing will bring substantial chemise to a companys strategic planning process. As such, this paper will answer a question that companies should ask when engaging in social media marketing will it be more beneficial to leverage in public available social media platforms or to shape up a platform in-house? Will the choice differ between companies, and what are th e benefits and risks of either solution?Benefits of supplement Established Social Media PlatformsThe advantages of using an schematic social media channel over one created in-house are lower toil and maintenance costs, quick access to a large constituted user base, ease of use for the consumer and increased information credibleness. Businesses create company-specific marketing trials on naturalised social media channels to leverage these benefits in order to engage consumers, increase brand and product/service awareness, reduce customer support costs, and drive revenues.The crossroad Fiesta political take the theater of operations CampaignA successful social media marketing campaign which demonstrated the benefits of using established social media channels was the Fiesta Movement Campaign by crosswalk. Ford gave 100 whileicipants Ford Fiestas for six months and asked them to complete a different mission every month. These agents delivered dinners from Meals on Wheels, e loped with the help of the Fiesta, and wrestled alligators8 among many other things. Agents were required to document their adventures on Youtube, Flickr, Facebook, and Twitter pages which Ford had created.The Ford Fiesta Movement was considered an extremely successful social media campaign. Agents produced 700 videos which generated 6.5 million views. Photos taken by the agents shake up accumulated more than 670,000 views. The campaign prompted over 50,000 U.S. consumers to request more information about the car, 97% of which did not already get a Ford vehicle. In the first six days of sales, Ford sold 10,000 units. 9First, using established social media channels allowed Ford to gain quick access to a large established user-base. Fords target market for its small European cars is Millennials, those born between 1979 and 1996. It is estimated that 75% of Millennials use social media sites and one in five nurture uploaded a video of themselves online.10 Ford therefore focused their efforts on the established social media sites, as a large majority of their target market is already using these sites. It was easier for Ford to leverage existing websites instead of working to direct consumers using an in-house social network.Second, Ford was able to benefit from consumers who were already familiar with popular social media websites to build awareness. Ford hand-picked agents in their 20s who had already success climby built an online fan community of their own and who were able to craft a narrative.11 Instead of auction pitch the idea to agents as the means to a free car, agents were incented to create content for their own benefit to feed their current networks and build their own profiles. In the process, the agents contributed to twist Fiestas brand by helping erupt an image of glamour, uniqueness and excitement around the car.Third, Ford created a sense of credibility by using international social media channels on which the content would be harder to co ntrol or modify. Ford took a huge risk by winning a pass on off draw near, telling agents to be completely truthful and agreeing not to edit or censor any information that was post. This showed consumers that Ford cared about what they had to say which was particularly important at a time when consumers were not happy to be bailing out Amercian automotive companies.12 Allowing agents to freely express their opinions about the car also helped Ford to fix any reported problems or improve functionality ground on the agents suggestions.Key TakeawaysFord used established social media channels to engage consumers and build brand awareness. Using Facebook, Flickr, Twitter and YouTube, Ford was able to gain quick access to its target market with consumers who were already users of these channels. Ford was also able to use specific consumers who were experts with these established channels to attract more viewers as well as raise awareness among the experts large base of followers. Fina lly, Ford established its credibility by allowing agents to post whatever they wanted. While Ford took a huge risk by agreeing not to edit the agents content, it ultimately worked in their favour.Risks of Leveraging Established Social Media PlatformsAlong with the many strengths of social marketing, there are also many risks that are associated with relying on third party platforms. For one, companies that engage in this medium often experience lack of content control. Second, information gets spread too quickly due to the large user bases of established social media websites. Third, the say-so of conventional social media marketing is limited, due to the sheer volume of companies already utilizing this mechanism.Molson Coors Dorm Room CampaignMolson Coors Brewing Company (Molson) is a classic pattern of how a company underestimated the negative consequences that are associated with traditional social media marketing mediums. Molson is Canadas oldest brewery and the worlds fifth l argest brewing company. Therefore, it is well- spotd within Canada and has a significant market share in the beer industry. In the past, Molson has experimented with blogs13 and a static corporate website, but has had very little social media presence boilers suit. Recognizing that a large portion of their current target audience utilizes these mediums and wanting to catch up to its competitors, Molson initiated an online media campaign.On October 18th 2007, Molson officially launched its Dorm Room project on the fastest growing social networking site Facebook. The campaign encouraged Canadian university and college students from ages 19 to 24 to post pictures of themselves partying on campus. The school with the most pictures uploaded would win a trip for five to spend spring cushion in Cancun, Mexico. An advertisement for this campaign read, Be the 1 party school in Canada show everyone how you and your crew get the party started.14 According to Molson, the tendency of the cam paign was to show school spirit and soci aptitude however, these goals were not reached and the campaign placed Molson under public scrutiny.The nature of the campaign was highly criticized by universities, parents and students because they goddam the company for encouraging binge drinking. Even the front-runner of the contest, Memorial University in St. Johns, stated that the contest made them look bad. Within days, the company received many complaints. Several universities including Queens, McMaster and St. Francis Xavier condemned the contest in the Globe and Mail as glorifying excessive drinking.15 As a result of the public backlash, the contest was shut level a week prior to the November 29th deadline. While there are advantages for Molson to engage their customers via social marketing, the message of the Dorm Room campaign was controversial. As a result, this exemplifies how marketing using established social networking mediums can bring significant risks to the brand.Fir st, on Facebook and other traditional social media websites, companies cannot control how much freedom they devote to their audience. Users abide the freedom to post pictures, messages and videos. However, on in-house websites, companies have the ability to adjust the amount of power they give to the end consumer. Molson did not have the ability to control how much freedom they gave to consumers, allowing consumers to post whatever they wanted and consequently, violating the privacy rights of many individuals. Once a picture was posted, only Molson could remove the picture. Molson was unaware of certain individuals oppositeness to having their pictures posted on the site and the campaign generated negative backlash. Even as Molson shut down the contest, they could not ensure that they erased all traces of the pictures posted on the Internet.Second, by using traditional social media websites, the established user base compounds the speed at which information is spread. In Molsons case, pictures spread quickly across Facebook, much to the corrupt of many students featured in the photographs. Facebook has over 500 million users who all had access to Molsons pictures. Further, the pictures could be immediately viewed by the members of ones network with the tagging and news feed features.Finally, the lastingness of conventional social media marketing is limited due to the sheer volume of companies who are already marketing to consumers on these websites. In 2006, U.S. companies spent $920 million on advertising on social media websites. Despite high spending, only 12% of Facebook users have added a brand to their page, and over 75% of Facebook users said they would not acquire a product or service from a brand via their profile page.16 Therefore, social media marketing should not be viewed as an infallible way for companies to promote. The Molson campaign was one of the many campaigns on Facebook and was popularized by the outcry of the public, rather than di rect support from its target market. In total, only 200 pictures were uploaded onto Facebook and large universities such as the University of Toronto and Guelph University only submitted 15 photos each (Exhibit 3).17Key TakeawaysBy using traditional social media channels, managers might be forced to give up control over the contents to the websites and to their users. In Molsons case, it passed the power to individuals who posted images onto Molsons Facebook campaign page. The company should be wary of the freedom which the users can have when it reengages itself in conventional social media marketing. Also, social media websites have large user bases this implies that the information found within these sites can travel at an extreme speed. Photos posted on Molsons page were not limited to just Molsons examination but they were available for the entire network.Finally, even though social media websites have gained tremendous popularity and enormous adoption rates, every campaign sho uld be redesigned for each medium in order to stand out from the competitors. Molson failed to capture a large audience with its campaign because Facebook is already saturated with many advertisers. Therefore, Molson needfully to establish a creative method to market its campaign when it reengages in using conventional social media websites. In general, social media advertisement can be a phenomenal way to increase brand awareness when it becomes a companys integrated marketing campaign, as long as the associated risks are acknowledged and accounted for.Benefits of maturation In-House Social Media PlatformsThere are many benefits associated with creating and managing an internal social community. First, a company has the flexibility to display information in the way they intended. Second, keeping a social network in-house also helps bring legitimacy and credibility to the information available on the platform. Finally, creating a separate social media platform allows users to have access to a closed network.Pampers resolution CampaignPampers slogan, every step of the way18 embodies their overall strategy. Pampers strives both to provide a high-quality product and a offer a service for women throughout their pregnancy and early child rearing years. The company has created and continues to host an online social community, Pampers Village, to facilitate an open network of communication between itself and its customers (Exhibit 4).On the website, parents have access to a breadth of information about the pregnancy process. They also have access to parenting tips and advice as their child ages. Parents have the ability to communicate with both other parents and also with Pampers panel of baby experts.19 Pampers Village exemplifies many of the benefits associated with hosting an internal social community, as opposed to promoting their brand via established social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter.First, Pampers Village ensures that Pampers has enormous flexibility in the way data is displayed and how communication is encouraged. On Twitter, or example, messages are limited to one hundred forty characters. Although websites such as Facebook allows more flexibility than Twitter, the pages companies can create nonetheless have preset layouts and formats. Pampers Village is divided into five sections depicting a tier in a childs life. Each section is further divided into categories which discuss various issues a mother may face at that stage. Existing social media websites would not have been the appropriate medium to host Pampers Village on as the display and organization of data would be restricted by the infixed limitations of the existing platform.Second, underdeveloped their own social network brings legitimacy to their message. On traditional social networks such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube, anyone can share their thoughts and rent to be an expert. However, on Pampers Village, there are a multifariousness of experts f rom the Pampers Parenting Network (PPN) moderating discussions and providing pregnancy and parenting advice. PPN members participate in Q&As, write blogs and articles and post video demonstrations. PPN experts include Laura Jana, M.D., a widely recognized parenting expert Lisa Druxman, founder and CEO of Stroller Strides and Julian Claus-Ehlers, executive chef and expert in healthy eating habits for the family.20 Mothers visiting Pampers Village recognize that they have access to high-quality and credible advice from parenting experts and thus continue to return to the website.Finally, creating a social media platform separates the audience from their traditional network. Mothers have to register to use Pampers Village however, they can register under whichever name they choose, bringing anonymity to the platform. If Pampers Village was hosted solely on Facebook, the forums likely would not be as active. forum conversations include, Actively trying to start a family, LGBT Parenting 21 and Baby Basics.Mothers would be less likely to be open and honest on these forums if their posts were in full view of their entire social network, as it would be difficult to ensure confidentiality of these discussion posts on traditional social media websites such as Facebook. Pampers Village provides mothers the chance to network with other mothers in a closed network. Jodi Allen, North American vice president and general manager for Pampers echoes this sentiment, All moms share a gross goal to raise a healthy, happy child. And the great thing about Pampers.com is that moms can connect, bond and chat with other moms all over the globe in real time and share in each others experiences.22Key TakeawaysA strong online presence is critical to Pampers success. We leverage Pampers Village to maintain a constant conversation and relationship, says Zeeshan Shams, category brand manager, baby and toddler care, Procter and Gamble, Canada. Our online properties help to keep our brand t op of mind.23 Despite massive competition in the online parenting field, Pampers Village has been largely successful in accessing new mothers. In 2009, Pampers Village generated 20,000 unique visitors per month in Canada.24It is likely that the Pampers Village concept would not have been as successful if it had been hosted on a traditional social network. The creators of Pampers Village correctly recognized that in order to gain an audience in the online parenting field and consequently learn more about their customers they needed to create their own social community. The development of a brand new network allowed the company to conk a wide variety of content in their own format, brought legitimacy to the platform and created a new community where mothers could connect anonymously. The success of Pampers Village illustrates the benefits of taking a risk and developing a new social network.Risks of Developing In-House Social Media PlatformsDespite the many benefits that can be gaine d by developing a unique in-house social media platform or campaign, this approach presents a number of risks and challenges. First, it can sometimes be difficult to engage consumers and draw them to newly created social media websites. Second, in-house social media efforts are likely to require great maintenance and supervise. Third, in-house developments demand a greater degree of corporate responsibility than is needed when using publicly available social media platforms.GM Chevy Tahoe Apprentice CampaignIn the spring of 2006, General Motors teamed up with Donald Trumps The Apprentice franchise to create a website that allowed contestants to develop their own commercial to promote the new Chevy Tahoe SUV. Their website, ChevyApprentice.com, encouraged participants to design a 30 second digital advertisement by selecting from a variety of pre-set backgrounds, video clips, and theme music that GM had constructed. These user-generated commercials could also include floating text o ver the images of the creators choosing.25 In addition to having their personal commercial aired on television, the winner and other top contenders had the chance to win a number of big-ticket items, such as a trip to the Major League baseball game All-Star Game.26Over the course of the contest, thousands of users took the opportunity to share their personal thoughts on the Tahoe. Not surprisingly, the ability to share ones thoughts freely created the perfect opportunity for the anti-SUV crowd to voice their discontentment for GMs newest vehicle. Of the 22,000 commercials that were submitted, approximately 4,000 took a negative tone.27 The majority of these submissions were either anti-SUV, promoted a specific cause, defamed a particular group or direct attacked the product (Exhibit 5).For example, some critics pointed fingers at GM for contributing to global warming, as witnessed in an ad that featured shots of the Tahoe zooming through snow, mountains, and desert. Over these cl ips appeared the phrase Global warming isnt a pretty SUV ad. Its a frightening reality. In another clip, the paroles Yesterdays technology today appeared over a clip of pumping engine pistons.28 Many of these negative commercials went viral, and could be found over from YouTube to Flickr to specific message boards, such as DemocraticUnderground.org. The Chevy Apprentice campaign highlights many of the risks associated with creating a social media website in-house.First, the biggest risk that companies face in attempting to create their own social media website is attracting traffic to their newly created websites. GM mitigated this risk successfully by launching their campaign on the popular television show, The Apprentice, and leveraged other forms of marketing to generate awareness of their social media website. Ultimately, over 22,000 people were enticed to participate in the campaign. ChevyApprentice.com generated 2.4 million page views, with the average visit lasting more tha n nine minutes.29 A truly unique platform has the potential to draw consumers if it is able to create a novel social media experience.Second, developing a unique social media website is a large investment, as the company is building a new infrastructure for social interaction from scratch. The company must devote significant resources to maintain the website, as they are solely responsible for managing and storing data, enabling security mechanisms, user identity management, and continual upgrades. A flaw in managing any of these aspects has the potential to hamper the overall success of a social media effort.Third, companies are directly accountable for what happens as a result of their personal social media efforts, as they have the ability to directly control content and how the public can view it. On publicly available platforms such as Facebook, companies can blame negative content posted by consumers on the open-ended nature of these platforms and the lack of control the compa ny has over filtering content. GM did not explicitly state rules for contestants designing an advertisement, which gave consumers the impression that GM was not taking responsibility for the content that is being generated.Further, they did not screen any of the submissions before it became viewable by the general public. After negative submissions surfaced on the website (Exhibit 5), GM did not remove these commercials, specifically stating that they would begin screening ads for offensive and inflammatory content but would not remove any material based solely on a negative tone toward the company.30 Although GM was attempting to maintain their customers freedom of speech, they did not account for differences in opinions when deciding what was offensive, and were criticized for not monitoring controversial topics in their campaign.Key TakeawaysGeneral Motors Chevy Tahoe Apprentice Campaign provides an excellent example as to how using in-house social media can backfire and touch t o negative consumer reactions towards the brand. The debate still continues as to whether or not the GM campaign should be deemed a marketing failure or success. The majority of reviewers have labelled it a social media disaster, based on the negative feedback generated. In contrast, GM and a select handful of reviewers believed that this campaign was a marketing success. GM was pleased that the website was highly trafficked and that over eighty percent of commercials depicted the Tahoe in a favourable light. Overall, the campaign generated significant buzz, which was precisely what GM hoped to achieve.31Despite these seeming successes, there are certainly efforts GM could have undertaken to avoid some of the negative reactions. The company could have taken a more proactive approach to prevent negative backlashes by screening ads more carefully before they could be viewed by the general public. Perhaps a campaign intended to engage participants to create videos about how much they love the Tahoe would have been a better approach.32 Although this may not have generated as many entries, it would eliminate the participants ability to get around the brand and introduce controversial topics. A handful of authentic, homemade video submissions would have been a better way to promote the vehicle and generate word of mouth buzz in a positive manner.ConclusionThe paper examined campaigns that were successful and unsuccessful in utilizing both established social media platforms or developing platforms in-house. Ultimately, a consensus was not reached regarding which strategy is most effective, as there are numerous considerations to take into account given the context of a companys current position.In order to leverage existing social media platforms, the companys target segment should already be current users of these channels so that quick access to these consumers is gained. Additionally, these consumers must be active users of these platforms so that the company ca n leverage these users to raise awareness about a specific product or brand. However, managers today should nonetheless recognize that social network marketing is still a novelty.Thus, many companies hoping to hop on the social media bandwagon may opt for using existing platforms as these platforms are inexpensive and familiar to their existing customer base. As the number of companies using existing platforms grows, it becomes increasingly difficult to differentiate a product and brand on these platforms. Lastly, opting for this marketing tactic ultimately forces the company to give up control regarding the content that is being posted on these third party websites.On the other hand, creating and managing an internal social community allows a company to gain both flexibility with the way in which they choose to display information and bring credibility to those information that is being passed onto the consumers. However, if a company chooses to develop an in-house social media pla tform, attracting consumers towards this platform may prove more difficult since the in-house platform will not be as well-known as traditional social media sites. In-house social media efforts also require greater maintenance and monitoring and the company creating the site holds a greater responsibility for the content posted since they have the ability to control and filter content.For many companies, social media marketing should be used as an integral part of the companys strategic marketing plan. However, with so many strategic options available regarding social media, it is essential for the company to acknowledge that different social media tactics are qualified for different companies, products, and target customers. The most successful social media marketing campaign requires a thorough understanding of the companys customer base and online habits.

Analysis of the Carlsberg Advertisements

Analysis of Carlsberg Advertisements heathen differences and similarities between Denmark and Great Britain Consumer Behaviour RSM353 Chernenko Kirill The following examination of British and danish pastry versions of printed advertisements of Carlsberg beer is to determine role of nuance in advertising and comp atomic number 18 and contrast how the same brand is advertised in different cultures. I. danish pastry printed advertisement The poster shows 4 men in the forest having conversation and smiling, meanwhile everyone has a store in a hand.The background shows the connection to wild nature large green trees together with quintuplet fallow dears, a magpie, a fox and a pheasant. The men have been hunting, possibly, and decided to take a break. The idea is to illustrate a moment of relaxation and enjoyment of Carlsberg beer in a good company. The guide word Vores ol brygget pa det bedste vi har (Our beer. Brewed from the best we have) at the bottom, involves different product c haracteristics. The first part Vores ol awakes the aw areness of Danes, beca uptake their traditionalistic beer connects people in Denmark.Per contra, the final part focuses on feel of a beverage, which worth to go hunting. The externalize and the content of a text box creates a unified whole. The advertisement illustrates the traditional apologue of beverage beer since hunting is an mature tradition and according to the text box Only 11% of the Danish hunters are hunting to hunt which implies social interaction with friends. And, therefore, the social belonging to that particular group is related to potable beer.Further much(prenominal), Carlsberg beer can be seen as a reward for hard-working process, going beyond the beverage and highlighting old traditional values which express the hunting myth. In addition, a humor takes special place in this print. Relaxed hunters are surrounded by animals, walking nearby very close. It seems that animals are not afraid of intruders. T he beer is no longer just a beer. It builds community and harmony between the people, and also between the animals. This is a predict of weak uncertainty shunning in Denmark.Carlsberg beer provides reposeful atmosphere and sense of peace as well as hygge (fun on Danish). Moreover, the poster represents the cursory culture, playing on the symbolic associations. Consequently, Carlsberg intends to tell a dependable story about the real product. Denmark is a very single culture where independence is very important. Nevertheless, the Danish advertisement (the slogan Vores ol) contradicts individualism. Instead, the advertisement drives towards collectivism.It turns out that Danes are double-standard people they keep distance from other people, posing alone in public transit while they pursue the sense of belonging, seeking community involvement. Ultimately, Denmark is categorized as a low-context culture. That means that additional information and reasoning is required. Although t his poster does not provide obvious argumentation apart from slogan and little text box. In my opinion, information given is sufficient adequacy to deliver the message to Danish consumer. II. British printed advertisementUK version demonstrates 2 young men sitting on a terrace of a luxury house with a sea view and two charming young women in the background The woman standing next to swimming pool is showered by a cloud above. Next to her is another young woman, who is lying in the sun with a rainbow over her body. same young men are two smiling and holding a bottle of beer. There is a snowing cloud between them, which keeps the beer on the table refrigerated. Perhaps, they talk to each other, sharing opinions and ideas about everything behind them, which is not realistic.It can be assumed that the man on the left is telling about his fantasy (which is the factual background of a print). This flight of imagination is correlated with a text box Carlsberg dont do the weather, j ust now if we did it would probably be the best weather in the world. I will interpret it this mien Carlsberg is already producing the best beer in the world if only Carlsberg made weather, it would also be the best in the world. The informal contradiction dont is used to make the text ordinary, which links to the fact that Carlsberg beer is an everyday beer for any event, any time.According to this ad, the best weather is summertime, good-looking ladies either taking shower of rain or sunbathing and cold Carlsberg beer with a snowing cloud above. This idealistic lifestyle reflects the fantasies and desires of younger audience, which is the actual target population. This unrealistic weather is not only a castle in the sky, a dream, but also a myth of success which implies luxury, nice weather and exclusive alcoholic beverages. Young men stylish clothes and beautiful beach house proves that link.British small power distance is visible in this poster by the use of four independent y oung people who are able to make ideals in countries, where individualism is passing valued. Beer-drinking culture in is also manifested in this advertisement. In Great Britain beer is a social drink, it is not consumed alone, it should be shared in a company. Just like in Denmark, British are double-standard people individualistic community seekers. Overstatement in slogan Probably the best beer in the world is a call attention of masculine cultures, it is often used.The features of the product related to luxury and high status is another a contract of masculinity. On the other hand, slogan also has an understatement probably which represent feminine values. Weak uncertainty avoidance can be noticed in text box focused on what the product does kinda than what it can. And again, if Carlsberg could modify the weather it would be just as good as their beer. Communication style is more high-context than low-context. This is caused by the indirect, implicit message the viewer have t o understand (metaphor snowing clouds performs the role of refrigerator). III.Cultural Differences and Similarities The above analysis of Carlsberg advertisements of Denmark and united Kingdom illustrates how dominant cultural values, believes and norms reflect the style and content of particular print. There are any(prenominal) characteristics in common while there are a few differences. In the first place, some(prenominal) advertisements involves myths. However, British one provides the myth of success, whereas Danish ad is linked to old Dane traditional values such as hunting and social interaction. Secondly, in both posters beer-drinking culture is related to social process and relaxing activity.The Denmark version possess harmony, peace and community while British focal point is high quality and exclusive luxury. Thirdly, both Denmark and Great Britain advertisements are high-context despite the fact that both countries are classified as low-context. Text boxes are not that informative such as the image scenario. Although Danish ad is more symbolic meanwhile British one has more high-context communication. Last but not least, in both prints all characters are smiling, expressing the joy and satisfaction. This is a distinctive feature of strong uncertainty avoidance cultures.On perish of that, both countries are double-standard combining individualism with collectivism (as previously mentioned individualistic community seekers). Still, UK ad demonstrates more signs of highly individualistic values Appendix A Danish printed advertisement, 1999 Only 11% of the Danish hunters are hunting to hunt There is intelligence that can create intense peace as the try of the original Carlsberg humble exclusively from flowers of the hemp plant Our beer. Brewed from the best we have Appendix B British printed advertisement, 2007

Human a&P Ch. 22 Respiratory System

NameDate bind to 22.1 Inhaled agate simple eye travels in the top(prenominal) respiratory dodge1. Which of the pursuit is non part of the hurrying respiratory constitution? A)Nose B)Oral cavity C)Pharynx D)Trachea E)Nasal meatuses autonomic nervous trunkD interrelate to 22. 1 Inhaled logical argument travels in the upper respiratory placement2. The conducting zone does NOT act to A)clean aura of debris. B)conduct subscriber railway into the lungs. C)add water to creasewave. D)warm sway. E)It does all of the to a higher place. autonomic nervous constitutionE get in touch to 22. 1 Inhaled mail travels in the upper respiratory strategy3. Which of the side by side(p) is a passageway for product line and food? A)Pharynx B)Larynx C)Para os nasale venous sinuses D)Trachea E)Esophagus autonomic nervous musical arrangementA link up to 22. 1 Inhaled phone line travels in the upper respiratory placement4. The opening to the pharynx from the m issueh is called A)Palat ine B)Hypopharynx C)Meatuses D)Fauces E)Vestibule autonomic nervous placementD joining to 22. 2 Inhaled publicise travels in the spurn respiratory form5. This structure prevents food or water from entering the windpipe. A)Arytenoid gristle B)Epiglottis C)Nasopharynx D)Thyroid gristle E)Paranasal sinus autonomic nervous systemB standoff to 22. Inhaled send travels in the turn down respiratory system6. During s protectowing, which structure rises? A)Pharynx B)esophagus C)Trachea D)Palatine tonsils E)Primary bronchi autonomic nervous systemA connective to 22. 2 Inhaled mental strain travels in the pull down respiratory system7. These be trilateral pieces of mostly hyaline cartilage located at the posterior and superior border of the cricoid cartilage. A)Corniculate cartilage B)Arytenoids cartilage C)Cricotracheal cartilage D)Cuneiform cartilage E)Laryngeal cartilage autonomic nervous systemB amour to 22. 2 Inhaled personal line of credit travels in the frown respiratory sy stem8. Pitch is controlled by A)vibration of the literal chords. B)tension of the song chords. C)layers of cartilage in the vocal chords. D)arrangement of the vocal chords. E)None of the preceding(prenominal) autonomic nervous systemB data link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the cast down respiratory system9. This is located anterior to the esophagus and carries air to the bronchi. A)Trachea B)Larynx C)Nasopharynx D)Pharynx E)None of the to a higher place autonomic nervous systemALink to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the disgrace respiratory system10. This is the basal feather artillery supplant site. A)Trachea B)Bronchiole C)Nasal sinuses D)Alveolus E)Bronchus autonomic nervous systemDLink to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system11. Which of the under create from raw stuffs maintains open airways in the lower respiratory system? A)Stratified squamous epithelium with keratin B)Ciliated pseudostratified columniform epithelium with chalice cells C)Hyali ne cartilage D)Mucus membrane E)Bone autonomic nervous systemCLink to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system12. Which of the below tissues provides the functions of the inner layer of the conducting organs? A)stratified squamous epithelium with keratin B)ciliated pseudostratified columned epithelium with goblet cells C)cilated cuboidal epithelium with goblet cells D)transitional epithelium with cilia E)columnar connective tissue with goblet cells autonomic nervous systemB Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system13. The point where the trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi is a rooftree called A)Carina B)Secondary bronchioles C)Parietal pleura D)Visceral pleura E)Diaphragm AnsA Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system14. Which of the below tissues forms the shift progresss of the alveolus? A)Stratified squamous epithelium B)Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells C)Simple s quamous epithelium D)Hyaline cartilage E)Columnar connective tissue with goblet cells AnsC Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system15. These ar cells of the alveoli that produce surfactant. A)Type I alveolar cells B)Type II alveolar cells C)Type III alveolar cells D)Surface cells E)Macrophages AnsB Link to 22. 3 stirring and termination16. This is bang of distribution of gases at capillaries near systemic cells. A) group O into derivation, coulomb dioxide into short letterB)Oxygen proscribed of blood, blow dioxide into blood C)Oxygen into blood, vitamin C dioxide out of blood D)Oxygen out of blood, deoxycytidine monophosphate dioxide out of blood E)None of the preceding(prenominal) is correct. AnsB Link to 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation17. This is direction of dispersion of gases at the alveoli of the lungs. A)Oxygen into blood , Carbon dioxide into blood B)Oxygen out of blood , Carbon dioxide into blood C)Oxygen into blood , Carbon dioxide o ut of blood D)Oxygen out of blood , Carbon dioxide out of blood E)None of the above is correct. AnsC Link to 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation18. halitus begins when A)Inspiratory muscles relax B)Diaphragm contracts C)Blood circulation is the lowest D)Inspiratory muscles relax and the stoppage contracts E)All of the above AnsA Link to 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation19. This means the lungs and the chest wall string out easily. A)High find tension B)Low surface tension C)High respect D)Low compliance E)None of the above AnsC Link to 22. 4 Lung rafts20. The conducting airways with the air that does not undergo gas exchange ar known as the A)inspiratory volume. B)expiratory modestness volume. C)minimal volume. D)residual volume. E)anatomic dead space. AnsE Link to 22. 4 Lung volumes21. This is the sum of the residual and the expiratory reserve volume. A)Total lung cogency B)Functional residual capacity C)Inspiratory capacity D)Vital capacity E)Minimal volume AnsB Link to 22. 6 v entilating system22. Which of the adjacent is not a doer that the tell of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange depends on? A)Partial ram difference of the gases B)Surface argona for gas exchange C)Diffusion distance D)Molecular weight and solubility of the gases E)Force of contraction of diaphragm AnsE Link to 22. 7 Oxygen is primarily transported23. Which is the dominant method of carbon dioxide transport? A)Bound to haemoglobin B)Bound to group O C)Dissolved in plasma as a gas D)Dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions E)Diffusion AnsD Link to 22. 10 Acid-base balance24. When blood pH drops then the derive of oxyhemoglobin _______ and oxygen delivery to the tissue cells ________________. A)increases, increases B)Increases, decreases C)Decreases, increases D)Decreases, decreases E)Does not change, does not change AnsC Link to 22. 7 Oxygen is primarily transported25. Which is a factor that does NOT affect hemoglobins affinity for oxygen? A)pH of blood B)Partial pressure of the oxygen C)Amount of oxygen available D)Temperature E)Respiratory order AnsE using up the following to arrange questions26-36 author reader 22-1Link to 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system26. Where are the nasal conchae? A)A B)C C)T D)U E)V AnsB theatrical role reader 22-1Link to 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system27. Where is the lingual tonsil? A)C B)E C)N D)P E)F AnsE destination ref 22-1Link to 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system28. Which tonsils are found in the oropharynx? A)V B)R C)S D)Q E)U AnsB file name extension Ref 22-1Link to 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system29. What is also referred to as the Adams apple? A)G B)H C)I D)J E)K AnsD destination Ref 22-1Link to 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system30. Where is the larynx? A)I B)M C)L D)N E)O AnsA Reference Ref 22-1Link to 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system31. This is a ring of hyaline cartilage that forms the inferior wall of the larynx. A)J B)K C)G D)H E)O AnsB Reference Ref 22-1Link to 22. Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system32. Where is the uvula? A)E B)F C)Q D)S E)U AnsD Reference Ref 22-1Link to 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system33. Where are the palatine tonsils? A)E B)F C)R D)U E)None of the above AnsC Reference Ref 22-1Link to 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system34. Where is the soft palate? A)C B)E C)G D)Q E)S AnsB Reference Ref 22-1Link to 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system35. Where is the epiglottis? A)O B)R C)S D)F E)Q AnsA Reference Ref 22-1Link to 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system36. Where are the olfactory receptors found? A)A B)B C)C D)D E)U AnsB Use the following to answer questions 37-40 Reference Ref 22-2Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system37. What is line D pointing to? A)Thyrohyoid membrane B)Arytenoid cartila ge C)Cricothyroid ligament D)Cricoid cartilage E)Tracheal cartilage AnsB Reference Ref 22-2Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system38. Where is the cricoid cartilage? A)D B)E C)F D)G E)H AnsE Reference Ref 22-2 Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system39. Where is the tracheal cartilage? A)J B)I C)H D)G E)F AnsA Reference Ref 22-2 Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system40. What is line A pointing to? A)Hyoid bone B)Trachea C)Adams Apple D) Thyroid E) Epiglottis AnsE Use the following to answer questions 41-45 Reference Ref 22-3Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system41. What line is pointing to the left terminal bronchiole? A)G B)N C)H D)A E)None of the aboveAnsB Reference Ref 22-3Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system42. What is line J pointing to? A)Right secondary bronchus B)Left secondary bronchus C)Right primary bronchus D)Left primary bronchus E)Carina AnsD Reference Ref 22-3Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system43. Where is the right bronchiole? A)F B)G C)H D)L E)M AnsB Reference Ref 22-3Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system44. What lines are pointing to tertiary bronchi? A)E and K B)D and J C)F and L D)H and M E)A and BAnsC Reference Ref 22-3Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system45. What is line B pointing to? A)Carina B)Visceral pleura C)Parietal pleura D)Pleural cavity E)Diaphragm AnsC Use the following to answer questions 46-48 Reference Ref 22-4Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system46. Identify the alveolar sac. A)A B)B C)C D)D E)E AnsD Reference Ref 22-4Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system47. What is line C pointing to? A)Terminal bronchiole B)Respiratory bronchiole C)Alveolar ductsD)Alveolar sac E)Alveoli AnsC Reference Ref 22-4Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system48. Where is the terminal bronchiole? A)A B)B C)C D)D E)E AnsA Use the following to answer questions49-51 Reference Ref 22-5Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 49. This provides disease resistance within the lungs. A)A B)B C)C D)D E)None of the above AnsD Reference Ref 22-5Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system50. Which cells are the main sites of gas exchange? A)A B)B C)C D)DE)All of the above AnsC Reference Ref 22-5Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system51. Which cell secretes surfactant? A)A B)B C)C D)D E)None of the above AnsA Link to 22. 8 The raw material rhythm of internal cellular respiration52. The basic rhythm of respiration is controlled by the A)pons. B)medulla oblongata. C)hypothalamus. D)pneumotaxic area. E)apneustic area. AnsB Link to 22. 6 Respiration occurs surrounded by alveoli53. The exchange of gases between blood in the systemic capillaries and tissue cells is called A)p ulmonary ventilation. B)internal respiration. C)external respiration. D)expiration. E)inspiration. AnsB Link to 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation54. For air to enter the lungs during brainchild A)the pressure inside the lungs must become lower than the atmospheric pressure. B)the pressure inside the lungs must be higher than the atmospheric pressure. C)the pressure inside the lungs must be equal to the atmospheric pressure. D)the size of the lungs must be decreased. E)the diaphragm has to be relaxed. AnsA Link to 22. 6 Respiration occurs between alveoli55. Which of the following affect(s) the release of oxygen from hemoglobin? A)partial pressure of oxygen B)temperature C)acidity D)carbon dioxide in the tissue E)all of the above. AnsE Link to 22. 7 Oxygen is primarily transported56. Carbon monoxide A)binds infirm to amino acids within hemoglobin B)binds to the haemitin conclave of hemoglobin C)binds more strongly to the heme than oxygen does D)binds weakly to amino acids within he moglobin and binds to the heme group of hemoglobin E)binds to the heme group of hemoglobin and binds more strongly to the heme than oxygen does AnsE Link to 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation57. Name and briefly describe the three basic processes of respiration. Ans1. Pulmonary ventilation is the movement of air in and out of the lungs due to contraction and tranquillity of muscles that control the size of the thoracic cavity. 2. External respiration is the exchange of gases between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries. 3. Internal respiration is the exchange of gases between the blood in the systemic capillaries and tissues. Link to 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation58. Describe the internal forces of elastic take form, and explain why the lungs do not designly collapse during expiration. AnsElastic recoil is the recoil of elastic fibers stretched during inspiration and the pull of the surface tension of alveolar legato. Intrapleural pressure is always s ubatmospheric during normal breathing, which tends to pull lungs outward and to keep alveolar pressure from equalizing with atmospheric pressure. Surfactant in alveolar fluid decreases surface tension to help prevent collapse. Link to 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation Inhalation and exhalation, 22. 5 Oxygen and carbon and 22. 6 Respiration59. In chronic emphysema, approximately alveoli merge together and some are replaced with fibrous connective tissue.In addition, the bronchioles are often inflamed, and expiratory volume is decrease. Using veracious respiratory system terminology, explain at to the lowest degree four reasons why affected individuals will bewilder problems with ventilation and external respiration. AnsAnswers could include reduced compliance (reduces ability to increase thoracic volume) change magnitude airway resistance (decreases tidal volume) decreased diffusion due to increased diffusion distance, decreased surface area, and changes in partial pressures of g ases (altering gradients). Other answers may be acceptable.Human a&P Ch. 22 Respiratory SystemNameDateLink to 22.1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system1. Which of the following is not part of the upper respiratory system? A)Nose B)Oral cavity C)Pharynx D)Trachea E)Nasal meatuses AnsDLink to 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system2. The conducting zone does NOT act to A)clean air of debris. B)conduct air into the lungs. C)add water to air. D)warm air. E)It does all of the above. AnsELink to 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system3. Which of the following is a passageway for air and food? A)Pharynx B)Larynx C)Paranasal sinuses D)Trachea E)Esophagus AnsALink to 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system4. The opening to the pharynx from the mouth is called A)Palatine B)Hypopharynx C)Meatuses D)Fauces E)Vestibule AnsDLink to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system5. This structure prevents food or water from entering the trachea. A)Arytenoid cartilage B)Epiglottis C)Nasopharynx D)Thyroid cartilage E)Paranasal sinus AnsBLink to 22. Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system6. During swallowing, which structure rises? A)Pharynx B)esophagus C)Trachea D)Palatine tonsils E)Primary bronchi AnsALink to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system7. These are triangular pieces of mostly hyaline cartilage located at the posterior and superior border of the cricoid cartilage. A)Corniculate cartilage B)Arytenoids cartilage C)Cricotracheal cartilage D)Cuneiform cartilage E)Laryngeal cartilage AnsBLink to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system8. Pitch is controlled by A)vibration of the vocal chords. B)tension of the vocal chords. C)layers of cartilage in the vocal chords. D)arrangement of the vocal chords. E)None of the above AnsBLink to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system9. This is located anterior to the esophagus and carries air to the bronchi. A)Trachea B)Larynx C)Nasopharynx D)Pharynx E)None of the above AnsALink to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system10. This is the primary gas exchange site. A)Trachea B)Bronchiole C)Nasal sinuses D)Alveolus E)Bronchus AnsDLink to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system11. Which of the below tissues maintains open airways in the lower respiratory system? A)Stratified squamous epithelium with keratin B)Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells C)Hyaline cartilage D)Mucus membrane E)Bone AnsCLink to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system12. Which of the below tissues provides the functions of the inner layer of the conducting organs? A)stratified squamous epithelium with keratin B)ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells C)cilated cuboidal epithelium with goblet cells D)transitional epithelium with cilia E)columnar connective tissue with goblet cells AnsB Link to 22. 2 I nhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system13. The point where the trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi is a ridge called A)Carina B)Secondary bronchioles C)Parietal pleura D)Visceral pleura E)Diaphragm AnsA Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system14. Which of the below tissues forms the exchange surfaces of the alveolus? A)Stratified squamous epithelium B)Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells C)Simple squamous epithelium D)Hyaline cartilage E)Columnar connective tissue with goblet cells AnsC Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system15. These are cells of the alveoli that produce surfactant. A)Type I alveolar cells B)Type II alveolar cells C)Type III alveolar cells D)Surface cells E)Macrophages AnsB Link to 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation16. This is direction of diffusion of gases at capillaries near systemic cells. A)Oxygen into blood, Carbon dioxide into bloodB)Oxygen out of blood, Car bon dioxide into blood C)Oxygen into blood, Carbon dioxide out of blood D)Oxygen out of blood, Carbon dioxide out of blood E)None of the above is correct. AnsB Link to 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation17. This is direction of diffusion of gases at the alveoli of the lungs. A)Oxygen into blood , Carbon dioxide into blood B)Oxygen out of blood , Carbon dioxide into blood C)Oxygen into blood , Carbon dioxide out of blood D)Oxygen out of blood , Carbon dioxide out of blood E)None of the above is correct. AnsC Link to 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation18. Exhalation begins when A)Inspiratory muscles relax B)Diaphragm contracts C)Blood circulation is the lowest D)Inspiratory muscles relax and the diaphragm contracts E)All of the above AnsA Link to 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation19. This means the lungs and the chest wall expand easily. A)High surface tension B)Low surface tension C)High compliance D)Low compliance E)None of the above AnsC Link to 22. 4 Lung volumes20. The conducting airways wi th the air that does not undergo gas exchange are known as the A)inspiratory volume. B)expiratory reserve volume. C)minimal volume. D)residual volume. E)anatomic dead space. AnsE Link to 22. 4 Lung volumes21. This is the sum of the residual and the expiratory reserve volume. A)Total lung capacity B)Functional residual capacity C)Inspiratory capacity D)Vital capacity E)Minimal volume AnsB Link to 22. 6 Respiration22. Which of the following is not a factor that the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange depends on? A)Partial pressure difference of the gases B)Surface area for gas exchange C)Diffusion distance D)Molecular weight and solubility of the gases E)Force of contraction of diaphragm AnsE Link to 22. 7 Oxygen is primarily transported23. Which is the dominant method of carbon dioxide transport? A)Bound to hemoglobin B)Bound to oxygen C)Dissolved in plasma as a gas D)Dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions E)Diffusion AnsD Link to 22. 10 Acid-base balance24. When blood pH dr ops then the amount of oxyhemoglobin _______ and oxygen delivery to the tissue cells ________________. A)increases, increases B)Increases, decreases C)Decreases, increases D)Decreases, decreases E)Does not change, does not change AnsC Link to 22. 7 Oxygen is primarily transported25. Which is a factor that does NOT affect hemoglobins affinity for oxygen? A)pH of blood B)Partial pressure of the oxygen C)Amount of oxygen available D)Temperature E)Respiratory rate AnsE Use the following to answer questions26-36Reference Ref 22-1Link to 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system26. Where are the nasal conchae? A)A B)C C)T D)U E)V AnsB Reference Ref 22-1Link to 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system27. Where is the lingual tonsil? A)C B)E C)N D)P E)F AnsE Reference Ref 22-1Link to 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system28. Which tonsils are found in the oropharynx? A)V B)R C)S D)Q E)U AnsB Reference Ref 22-1Link to 22. 1 Inhaled air trav els in the upper respiratory system29. What is also referred to as the Adams Apple? A)G B)H C)I D)J E)K AnsD Reference Ref 22-1Link to 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system30. Where is the larynx? A)I B)M C)L D)N E)O AnsA Reference Ref 22-1Link to 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system31. This is a ring of hyaline cartilage that forms the inferior wall of the larynx. A)J B)K C)G D)H E)O AnsB Reference Ref 22-1Link to 22. Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system32. Where is the uvula? A)E B)F C)Q D)S E)U AnsD Reference Ref 22-1Link to 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system33. Where are the palatine tonsils? A)E B)F C)R D)U E)None of the above AnsC Reference Ref 22-1Link to 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system34. Where is the soft palate? A)C B)E C)G D)Q E)S AnsB Reference Ref 22-1Link to 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system35. Where is the epiglottis? A)O B)R C)S D)F E)Q Ans A Reference Ref 22-1Link to 22. 1 Inhaled air travels in the upper respiratory system36. Where are the olfactory receptors found? A)A B)B C)C D)D E)U AnsB Use the following to answer questions 37-40 Reference Ref 22-2Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system37. What is line D pointing to? A)Thyrohyoid membrane B)Arytenoid cartilage C)Cricothyroid ligament D)Cricoid cartilage E)Tracheal cartilage AnsB Reference Ref 22-2Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system38. Where is the cricoid cartilage? A)D B)E C)F D)G E)H AnsE Reference Ref 22-2 Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system39. Where is the tracheal cartilage? A)J B)I C)H D)G E)F AnsA Reference Ref 22-2 Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system40. What is line A pointing to? A)Hyoid bone B)Trachea C)Adams Apple D) Thyroid E) Epiglottis AnsE Use the following to answer questions 41-45 Reference Ref 22-3Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system41. What line is pointing to the left terminal bronchiole? A)G B)N C)H D)A E)None of the aboveAnsB Reference Ref 22-3Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system42. What is line J pointing to? A)Right secondary bronchus B)Left secondary bronchus C)Right primary bronchus D)Left primary bronchus E)Carina AnsD Reference Ref 22-3Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system43. Where is the right bronchiole? A)F B)G C)H D)L E)M AnsB Reference Ref 22-3Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system44. What lines are pointing to tertiary bronchi? A)E and K B)D and J C)F and L D)H and M E)A and BAnsC Reference Ref 22-3Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system45. What is line B pointing to? A)Carina B)Visceral pleura C)Parietal pleura D)Pleural cavity E)Diaphragm AnsC Use the following to answer questions 46-48 Reference Ref 22-4Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower resp iratory system46. Identify the alveolar sac. A)A B)B C)C D)D E)E AnsD Reference Ref 22-4Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system47. What is line C pointing to? A)Terminal bronchiole B)Respiratory bronchiole C)Alveolar ductsD)Alveolar sac E)Alveoli AnsC Reference Ref 22-4Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system48. Where is the terminal bronchiole? A)A B)B C)C D)D E)E AnsA Use the following to answer questions49-51 Reference Ref 22-5Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system 49. This provides disease resistance within the lungs. A)A B)B C)C D)D E)None of the above AnsD Reference Ref 22-5Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system50. Which cells are the main sites of gas exchange? A)A B)B C)C D)DE)All of the above AnsC Reference Ref 22-5Link to 22. 2 Inhaled air travels in the lower respiratory system51. Which cell secretes surfactant? A)A B)B C)C D)D E)None of the above AnsA Link to 22. 8 Th e basic rhythm of respiration52. The basic rhythm of respiration is controlled by the A)pons. B)medulla oblongata. C)hypothalamus. D)pneumotaxic area. E)apneustic area. AnsB Link to 22. 6 Respiration occurs between alveoli53. The exchange of gases between blood in the systemic capillaries and tissue cells is called A)pulmonary ventilation. B)internal respiration. C)external respiration. D)expiration. E)inspiration. AnsB Link to 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation54. For air to enter the lungs during inhalation A)the pressure inside the lungs must become lower than the atmospheric pressure. B)the pressure inside the lungs must be higher than the atmospheric pressure. C)the pressure inside the lungs must be equal to the atmospheric pressure. D)the size of the lungs must be decreased. E)the diaphragm has to be relaxed. AnsA Link to 22. 6 Respiration occurs between alveoli55. Which of the following affect(s) the release of oxygen from hemoglobin? A)partial pressure of oxygen B)temperature C )acidity D)carbon dioxide in the tissue E)all of the above. AnsE Link to 22. 7 Oxygen is primarily transported56. Carbon monoxide A)binds weakly to amino acids within hemoglobin B)binds to the heme group of hemoglobin C)binds more strongly to the heme than oxygen does D)binds weakly to amino acids within hemoglobin and binds to the heme group of hemoglobin E)binds to the heme group of hemoglobin and binds more strongly to the heme than oxygen does AnsE Link to 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation57. Name and briefly describe the three basic processes of respiration. Ans1. Pulmonary ventilation is the movement of air in and out of the lungs due to contraction and relaxation of muscles that control the size of the thoracic cavity. 2. External respiration is the exchange of gases between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries. 3. Internal respiration is the exchange of gases between the blood in the systemic capillaries and tissues. Link to 22. 3 Inhalation and ex halation58. Describe the inward forces of elastic recoil, and explain why the lungs do not normally collapse during expiration. AnsElastic recoil is the recoil of elastic fibers stretched during inspiration and the pull of the surface tension of alveolar fluid. Intrapleural pressure is always subatmospheric during normal breathing, which tends to pull lungs outward and to keep alveolar pressure from equalizing with atmospheric pressure. Surfactant in alveolar fluid decreases surface tension to help prevent collapse. Link to 22. 3 Inhalation and exhalation Inhalation and exhalation, 22. 5 Oxygen and carbon and 22. 6 Respiration59. In chronic emphysema, some alveoli merge together and some are replaced with fibrous connective tissue.In addition, the bronchioles are often inflamed, and expiratory volume is reduced. Using proper respiratory system terminology, explain at least four reasons why affected individuals will have problems with ventilation and external respiration. AnsAnswers could include reduced compliance (reduces ability to increase thoracic volume) increased airway resistance (decreases tidal volume) decreased diffusion due to increased diffusion distance, decreased surface area, and changes in partial pressures of gases (altering gradients). Other answers may be acceptable.